Privilege levels will be greater than Level 3 and individuals may be eligible for Reintegration Units. The population of Sofia expanded rapidly due to migration from rural regions. It is thought that the church was built in the 6th century, during the reign of Constantine the Great. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on the design and operation of direct supervision jails and on key elements in managing inmate behavior in all types of jails. [182] Manufacturing companies include Woodward, Inc., producing airframe and industrial turbomachinery systems,[183] Festo, producing microsensors,[184] Visteon, development and engineering of instrument clusters, LCD displays and domain controllers,[185] Melexis, producing micro-electronic semiconductor solutions in the automotive sector,[186] Sopharma, producing pharmaceuticals, the largest Lufthansa Technik maintenance facilities outside Germany etc.[187]. During the reign of Justinian it flourished, being surrounded with great fortress walls whose remnants can still be seen today. Name . Serdica expanded, as turrets, protective walls, public baths, administrative and cult buildings, a civic basilica, an amphitheatre, a circus, the City council (Boul), a large forum, a big circus (theatre), etc. Sofia City, the underpass of Sofia University St. [166] In 2015, Forbes listed Sofia as one of the top 10 places in the world to launch a startup business, because of the low corporate tax (10%), the fast internet connection speeds available one of the fastest in the world, and the presence of several investment funds, including Eleven Startup Accelerator, LAUNCHub and Neveq. DEFINITION(S) AND ACRONYM(S) Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. 18792004". Inmates here usually have sentences up to 30 years to complete. [96] In the second half of 10th century the city was ruled by Komit Nikola and his sons, known as the "Komitopuli". Shopi speak the Western Bulgarian dialects. [163] It is the economic hub of Bulgaria and home to most major Bulgarian and international companies operating in the country, as well as the Bulgarian National Bank and the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. The largest group of the population aged over 20 are recorded to live within marriage (46.3%), another 43.8% are recorded as single and another 9.9% as having other type of coexistence/partnership, whereas not married in total are a majority and among people aged up to 40 and over 70. Factors considered include, but are not limited to: Individuals will be placed at the lowest level of security possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. There are around 13,000 taxi cabs operating in the city. For Constantine the Great it was 'Sardica mea Roma est' (Serdica is my Rome). [69] The European Commission has taken Bulgaria to court over its failure to curb air pollution. The architecture of Sofia's centre is thus a combination of Neo-Baroque, Neo-Rococo, Neo-Renaissance and Neoclassicism, with the Vienna Secession also later playing an important part, but it is most typically Central European. Since 2015, the National Art Gallery, the National Gallery for Foreign Art (NGFA) and the Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal were merged to form the National Gallery. The city is a preferred destination for international congresses, and there are a great many halls and centers offering possibilities for every need. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. The citys stadiums draw thousands of fans for matches between the major football teams. A monitoring station on Eagles' Bridge, where some of the highest particulate matter values were measured, was moved away from the location and has measured sharply lower values since then. This is due to the fact that three temples of three major world religionsChristianity, Islam and Judaismare situated close together: Sveta Nedelya Church, Banya Bashi Mosque and Sofia Synagogue. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea.[18][19]. In the 15th and 16th century, Sofia was expanded by Ottoman building activity. [215] Rakovski Defence and Staff College, the National Academy of Arts, the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, the University of National and World Economy and the University of Mining and Geology are other major higher education establishments in the city. He considered making Serdica the capital of the Byzantine Empire instead of Constantinople. The valley has an average altitude of 550 metres (1,800ft). Aleko is at an altitude of 1,800 meters, and its slopes face north. [101] The 16th century was marked by a wave of persecutions against the Bulgarian Christians, a total of nine became New Martyrs in Sofia and were sainted by the Orthodox Church, including George the New (1515), Sophronius of Sofia (1515), George the Newest (1530), Nicholas of Sofia (1555) and Terapontius of Sofia (1555).[104]. [204] The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. In 2015 seven new stations were opened and the underground extended to Sofia Airport on its Northern branch and to Business Park Sofia on its Southern branch. With their vital, humanistic realism they are a Renaissance phenomenon at its culmination phase in the context of the common-European art.[152]. [158] Nearly all of these were constructed as competition venues and therefore have seating facilities for several hundred people. [203] Consequently, traffic and air pollution problems have become more severe and receive regular criticism in local media. A refurbishment project is due to be completed in mid-2019,[131] while the old National Assembly building will become a museum or will only host ceremonial political events. In the 500s BC, the area became part of a Thracian state union, the Odrysian kingdom from another Thracian tribe the Odrysses. Inmate Classification - Policies Classification The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction maintains a uniform and objective classification level system that places incarcerated individuals in the appropriate facility to ensure the safety and security of other incarcerated individuals and staff, the institution, and the community. [92] which was already not dissimilar to a tetrarchic capital of the Roman Empire. New residential areas were built in the outskirts of the city, like Druzhba, Mladost and Lyulin. Regular performances began in 1909. At the beginning of the 9th century, the Bulgarian Han Krum (reign 803-814) invaded Serdika. [80], The Celtic tribe Serdi gave their name to the city. [181] Several office and tech clusters have been established across the city, including Business Park Sofia, Sofia Tech Park, Capital Fort and others. Serdica was the capital of the Diocese of Dacia (337-602). The Boyana Film studios was at the centre of a once-thriving domestic film industry, which declined significantly after 1990. Line 1 provides a connection to Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria, while Line 2 is the longest national railway and connects Sofia and Varna, the largest coastal city. "Sofia. [28] The metropolitan region of Sofia is inhabited by a population of 1.66million. The Sofia Zoological Garden in the southern part of the city is the countrys largest zoo. 61. The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of "religio licita", a worship recognised and accepted by the Roman Empire. Sofia Municipality is identical to Sofia City Province, which is distinct from Sofia Province, which surrounds but does not include the capital itself. Sofia concentrates the majority of Bulgaria's leading performing arts troupes. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. The city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita in the European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. [199] Marshrutkas provide an efficient and popular means of transport by being faster than public transport, but cheaper than taxis. [174] The IT sector is highly diverse and includes both multinational corporations, local companies and start-ups. Public investments in infrastructure, education and local economy brought greater diversity to the city. For a few decades after the liberation, Sofia experienced large population growth, mainly by migration from other regions of the Principality (Kingdom since 1908) of Bulgaria, and from the still Ottoman Macedonia and Thrace. It became the capital of the beylerbeylik of Rumelia (Rumelia Eyalet), the province that administered the Ottoman lands in Europe (the Balkans), one of the two together with the beylerbeylik of Anatolia. It was the first edict legalising Christianity, preceding the Edict of Milan by two years. [112], In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria was fighting alone practically all of its neighbouring countries. It seems that the first written mention of Serdica was made during his reign and the last mention was in the 19th century in a Bulgarian text (, Sardaki). This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. The oldest church in Sofia is the Saint George Rotunda. Vitosha is in the south; the Balkan Mountains define the valley's northern fringes. [165] The real GDP (PPP) per capita growth at the time was 2.5% and the employment went up by 3.4% to 962,400. [109], Most mosques in Sofia were destroyed in that war, seven of them destroyed in one night in December 1878 when a thunderstorm masked the noise of the explosions arranged by Russian military engineers. Still standing are the Dragalevski, Lozen, Germanski, Kremikovski, Cherepishki, and Osenovlashki Monasteries, among others. [167], The city's GDP (PPS) per capita stood at 29,600 ($33,760) in 2015, one of the highest in Southeast Europe and well above other cities in the country. Sofia's development as a significant settlement owes much to its central position in the Balkans. : +359 2 4918345 E-mail: tourist@info-sofia.bg, Tel. The city has an extensive green belt. Sofia Airport provides travelers with convenient connections to all major European cities, and from the central train station and bus station, passengers can reach every destination in the country. [171] Services dominate the economy, accounting for 88.6% of the gross value added, followed by industry 11.3% and agriculture 0.1%.[169][172]. Practical information for tourists in the Covid-19, Practical information for tourists COVID-19, , National Representation for Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria, St Nikolas Monastery village of Skravena, Information and recommendations about COVID-19, Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria. There are many more capitals in the city, such as the Polytechnical Museum, the Museum of Anthropology, and the Sports Museum. The city is ranked 62nd among financial centres worldwide. Stalinist Gothic public buildings emerged in the centre, notably the spacious government complex around The Largo, Vasil Levski Stadium, the Cyril and Methodius National Library and others. Amid of the citys religious landmarks, directly across from The Presidential Palace, is the National Archeological Museum, which has in its collection some of the most valuable treasures discovered in Bulgaria. Not far from the mosque is a synagogue, which houses a museum. ", Jen Fitz. During the Communist Party rule, a number of the city's most emblematic streets and squares were renamed for ideological reasons, with the original names restored after 1989.[115]. [189], Sofia Airport handled 7,107,096 passengers in 2019. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. 151156. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. During the 1970s and the 1980s multiple ski slopes of varying difficulty were made available. [146] Over the past two decades, numerous independent cinemas have closed and most shows are in shopping centre multiplexes. As incarcerated individuals progress to lower security levels, they receive additional privileges and autonomy to make pro-social decisions. Lines 5 and 13 are shorter and provide connections to Kulata and Bankya, respectively. Three of those are operated by the BAS; one by Sofia Tech Park and one by the Faculty of Physics at Sofia University.[218]. Newly admitted inmates are transported from county jails to one of several prison receiving centers where the risk assessment process begins. Sofia is a regional IT hub, ranking second among the Top 10 fastest growing tech centers in Europe in terms of annual growth of active members. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). The city became an inseparable part of The First Bulgarian Empire (7th-9th centuries) under Han Omurtag (reign 814-831). The parks are equipped with safe, modern, playground equipment, and there are both childrens playgrounds and indoor recreational facilities for children. The common head of Sofia Municipality and all the 38 settlements is the mayor of Sofia. Roman emperors Aurelian (215275)[90] and Galerius (260311)[91] were born in Serdica. [100], In 1382/1383 or 1385, Sredets was seized by the Ottoman Empire in the course of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars by Lala ahin Pasha, following a three-month siege. Other points of interest in the city include the Lion Bridge, the Eagle Bridge, the Russian Monument, and the monument to Vasil Levski (a Bulgarian revolutionary hero who gave his life in the struggle to free Bulgaria from the Ottomans in the 19th century). It is a favorite place for a days outing for young and old alike. Serdica's citizens of Thracian descent were referred to as Illyrians[80] probably because it was at some time the capital of Eastern Illyria (Second Illyria).[89]. These services are conducted under five initiatives. [164] In 2015, Sofia was ranked 30th out of 300 global cities in terms of combined growth in employment and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the highest one amongst cities in Southeast Europe. Its bell tower rises to a height of 53 meters, and houses 53 bells, the heaviest weighing 10 tons. [95][97], The city eventually fell to the Byzantine Empire in 1018, following the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria. [198] The master plan for the Sofia Metro includes three lines with a total of 63 stations. "[A]reas in which jails tend to be deficient, suggesting the need for new or revised forms of NIC assistance" are identified (p.2). Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. Consulted online on 23 January 2018. Sofia was selected as the capital of the Third Bulgarian State in the next year, ushering a period of intense demographic and economic growth. The President, along with the Council of Ministers, is located on Independence Square, also known as The Largo or The Triangle of Power. Two functioning cable cars provide year long access from the outskirts of the city. [45] The snowiest recorded winter was 1995/1996 with a total snowfall of 171cm (67.3in). It takes its source in Rila, Bulgaria's highest mountain,[41] and enters Sofia Valley near the village of German. It occupies an area of 3,170 square metres (34,122 square feet) and can hold 10,000 people. For example, one of the citys most popular venues for business forums and trade fairs is the National Palace of Culture. [207], A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. [133], With a murder rate of 1.7/per 100.000 people (as of 2009[update]) Sofia is a quite safe capital city. There were 3,162 theatric performances with 570,568 people attending in 2014. : +359 885 921 620 E-mail:chitalnyata@gmail.com. The median age is 38 though. Following his capture in 1873, Vasil Levski was transferred and hanged in Sofia by the Ottomans. [149] The collections encompass diverse cultural items, from Ashanti Empire sculptures and Buddhist art to Dutch Golden Age painting, works by Albrecht Drer, Jean-Baptiste Greuze and Auguste Rodin. The route from Western Europe to Istanbul passes through Sofia via Beograd and Skopje, then through Plovdiv to Turkey. [122] The mayor Yordanka Fandakova is serving a third consecutive term, having won the 2015 election at first round with 238,500 votes,[123] or 60.2% of the vote, when Reformist Bloc opponent Vili Lilkov was second with 9.6%; the turnout was 41.25%. [31][32] The emperor Marcus Ulpius Traianus (53117 AD) gave the city the combinative name of Ulpia Serdica;[33][34] Ulpia may be derived from an Umbrian cognate of the Latin word lupus, meaning "wolf"[35] or from the Latin vulpes (fox). From 1018-1094, Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center. One of them was Samuil, who was eventually crowned Emperor of Bulgaria in 997. [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". Among the architects invited to work in Bulgaria were Friedrich Grnanger, Adolf Vclav Kol, and Viktor Rumpelmayer, who designed the most important public buildings needed by the newly re-established Bulgarian government, as well as numerous houses for the country's elite. [101] Additionally, there were fountains and hammams (bathhouses). : +359 2 49 49 315 E-mail:largo@info-sofia.bg, Info Point Chitalnyata (The reading room), Tel. Much of Bulgaria's educational capacity is concentrated in Sofia. Cinema is the most popular form of entertainment: there were more than 141,000 film shows with a total attendance exceeding 2,700,000 in 2014. [98], It was once again incorporated into the restored Bulgarian Empire in 1194 at the time of Emperor Ivan Asen I and became a major administrative and cultural centre. Gradually, a compromise arose, officialisation of Sofia for the nationwide institutions, while legitimating the title Sredets for the administrative and church institutions, before the latter was abandoned through the years.[39]. Until 1949, 13,114 buildings were constructed and between 10,000 and 20,000 in each following decade. According to the director of Sofia District Police Directorate, the largest share of the crimes are thefts, making up 62.4% of all crimes in the capital city. It is the policy of the ODRC to maintain a classification level system that creates a process for the classification of individuals according to their security risk. The city is located at a strategic crossroads. [188] All major types of transport (except water) are represented in the city. Their inmate to correctional officer ratio is a lot higher than the previous two security levels. It also has facilities for night skiing. Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the countrys cultural and economic center. ERH - A security level for individuals who commit or lead others to commit violent, disruptive, predatory, riotous actions, or who otherwise pose a serious threat to the security of the institution as set forth in the established ERH criteria. Some of Bulgaria's most famous operatic singers, such as Nicolai Ghiaurov and Ghena Dimitrova, made their first appearances on the stage of the National Opera and Ballet. The Iskar flows north toward the Balkan Mountains, passing between the eastern city suburbs, next to the main building and below the runways of Sofia Airport, and flows out of the Sofia Valley at the town of Novi Iskar, where the scenic Iskar Gorge begins.[42]. These include the 4th century Rotunda of St. George, the walls of the Serdica fortress and the partially preserved Amphitheatre of Serdica. Some of the neighbourhoods constructed after 2000 are densely built up and lack green spaces. These key elements include assessing inmates risks and needs (classification), assigning inmates to housing, meeting inmates basic needs, setting and conveying behavioral expectations, supervising inmates, and keeping inmates productively occupied. [168] The total nominal GDP in 2018 was 38.5billion leva ($22.4billion), or 33,437 leva ($19,454) per capita,[169][170] and average monthly wages in March 2020 were $1,071, the highest nationally. Armeets Arena holds many indoor events and has a capacity of up to 19,000 people depending on its use. III. In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. [142] With 1,600 prisoners, the incarceration rate is above 0.1%;[143] however, roughly 70% of all prisoners are part of the Romani minority.[144]. The Thracians, Iztok Zapad, Sofia, 2011. Multinationals with major research, development, innovation and engineering centers in Sofia include the second largest global IT center of Coca-Cola,[175] Ubisoft,[176] Hewlett-Packard,[177] VMware,[178] Robert Bosch GmbH,[179] Financial Times,[180] Experian, etc. In honor of its hot springs, in the 8th century BC the Thracian tribes settled here gave the city its first name Serdika or Serdonpolis. One year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in the country after Plovdiv, Varna, Ruse and Shumen. The Boyana Church, a UNESCO World Heritage site, contains realistic frescoes, depicting more than 240 human images and a total 89 scenes, were painted. Effective offender classification is essential in corrections, not only to support daily management and administration, but also to keep the system responsive to changing offender demographics, sentencing statutes, and agency policy. Incarcerated individual behavior at Level 1 is expected to be rule compliant and pro-social and Level 1 individuals are eligible for admission to Reintegration Units. Each staff member with detainee in-processing responsibilities shall receive on-site training; 3. Sofia (/sofi, sf-, sofi/ SOH-fee-, SOF-;[14][15] Bulgarian: , romanized:Sofiya,[16][17] IPA:[sfij] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. ", National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria, "Sofia Council - 2019-2023", ":: 27 2019", "The party of Kuneva overcomes the falsified ballots with machines", "Escaped from Arena Armeets tell about the nightmare", "The head of the electoral commission in Sofia is resigning at the request of Borissov", " :: 2015", " ? Sofia entered a period of economic and political decline in the 17th century, accelerated during the period of anarchy in the Ottoman Balkans of the late 18th and early 19th century, when local Ottoman warlords ravaged the countryside. The citys flourished for a second time under Justinian the Great (reign 527-565). These remains are exhibited in the underpass connecting the Presidential Palace and The Ministerial Council, surrounded by shops selling traditional Bulgarian souvenirs and rosewater. At this time the city was renamed Sredets (The Center), because of its central strategic location. Sofia is the second highest capital of the European Union (after Madrid) and the third highest capital of Europe (after Andorra la Vella and Madrid). By the time of its liberation the population of the city was 11,649. The assembly members are chosen every four years. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. During the Russo-Turkish War of 187778, Suleiman Pasha threatened to burn the city in defence, but the foreign diplomats Leandre Legay, Vito Positano, Rabbi Gabriel Almosnino and Josef Valdhart refused to leave the city thus saving it. The city receives an average precipitation of 625.7mm (24.63in) a year, reaching its peak in late spring and early summer when thunderstorms are common. [citation needed] During the war, Sofia was flown by the Romanian Air Corps, which engaged on photoreconnaissance operations and threw propaganda pamphlets to the city. There are 16 industrial and logistics parks in Sofia, some sprawling to towns in neighbouring Sofia Province, such as Bozhurishte, Kostinbrod and Elin Pelin. Top-circulation newspapers include 24 Chasa and Trud. [46] The record snow depth is 57cm (22.4in) (25 December 2001). [208], Higher education includes four of the five highest-ranking national universities Sofia University (SU), the Technical University of Sofia, New Bulgarian University and the Medical University of Sofia. Of these 864 do not have any water supply and 688 have other than communal. Directly across from the church is The National Gallery of Art, which often exhibits works by world-famous artists. There are different boulevards and streets in the city with a higher amount of traffic than others. We provide training for jail inspectors, a peer-training network for chief jail inspectors, information resources on standards and inspection, and related technical assistance. During the Second World War, Bulgaria declared war on the US and UK on 13 December 1941 and in late 1943 and early 1944 the US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia. 78", " - 01.1887 - 12.2007", "Weather Sofia Monthly Weather History- freemeteo.bg", ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/BU/15614.TXT, "Weather Sofia Daily Weather History| freemeteo.bg", "Sofia, Bulgaria - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast", "Air pollution in Sofia, other Bulgarian cities hugely exceeded norms several times this winter", "Bulgaria's Air Is Dirtiest in Europe, Study Finds, Followed by Poland", "Bulgaria: Bad air quality in Sofia on January 6 2018", "Sofia Municipal Council Adopted Measures to Tackle Air Pollution", "Brussels: Sofia has no projects targeting air pollution standartnews.com", "Odrysian Kingdom - the first country on the Balkans", " 24.04.2016 9:331205 ", "Dio, Roman History, Book 51, chapter 25", "Trakiia 12 41- "Da diese mit ihrem blinden Knig Siras verbndete der Rmer waren ergab dies den Vorwand fr den Kriegszug von Crassus. - . [182] Supported by the city's R&D expertise, Sofia is shifting to high value-added manufacturing including electrical equipment, precision mechanics, pharmaceuticals. Sofia City Province has an area of 1344km2,[40] while the surrounding and much bigger Sofia Province is 7,059km2. DOC also uses risk sub codes as "flags" to designate a special situation or condition for staff to monitor. [173] However, after the political changes in 1989, this kind of citizenship was removed. [196] As of 2012[update], the system has 39km (24mi) of track. All images, advertising and video materials and/or other information published on this website are property of the Ministry of Tourism and are protected by the Law on Copyright and Related Rights,according tothe Bulgarian laws to all applicable international and relevant acts of the European Union. were built. The Ottomans came to favour the name Sofya (). Since it is the nations capital, Sofia constantly plays host to important cultural and musical events, conferences, and sports competitions. [153] Tennis is increasingly popular in the city. Cyril and Methodius National Library are located in Sofia. Texts by Marazov, Ivan; Venedikov, Ivan; Fol, Alexander; Tacheva, Margarita. [190], Public transport is well-developed with bus (2,380km (1,479mi)),[191] tram (308km (191mi))[192] and trolleybus (193km (120mi))[193] lines running in all areas of the city. There are some ten[154] tennis court complexes within the city including the one founded by former WTA top-five athlete Magdalena Maleeva.[155]. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . [197] This line will complete the proposed underground system of three lines with about 65km (40mi) of lines.