13 0 obj <> Explain your result. One of the primary benefits is that basic logic gates can be used in various combinations if the operations are advanced. Learn more about accessibility on the OpenLab, New York City College of Technology | City University of New York, EMT Laboratories Open Education Resources, Lab 0: Digital Trainer and Troubleshooting, Lab 01: Schematic Diagrams and Electronic Testing Equipment, Lab 05: Universal Capability of NAND and NOR Gates, Lab 11: Introduction to D and J-K Flip-Flop, To exam a logic circuit and investigate the operation of the. 14 0 obj To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. <> xm1@@CF;4&]Do:Hp^hx"HNX$7 gQ However, it can be restricted due to the given physical space in the device. The logic gate, which gives a high output (i.e., 1) if either input A or input B but not both are high (i.e. The truth table shows the inputs on the left and outputs on the right. For AND Gate, when both 2 inputs are 1 (true), the output is high 1. Logic gates are the digital circuits with one output and one or more inputs. Try it. 1)The NAND gate:From AND and NOT gate. Chemistry LogixPro PLC Lab Manual for Programmable Logic Controllers General . 1 0 obj endobj The common ones are; Additionally, these gates can also be found in a combination of one or two. The signals passing through a gate take a certain amount of time to propagate from its inputs to the output. 2). PK ! These gates are the AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EXOR and EXNOR gates. Verify the operation of the basic logic gates. we used a AND Gate and measured the output voltage 4 different ways similar to the OR ini adalah materi dari gerbang logika untuk pelajaran elektronika. Lab Report: Digital Logic Lab Report: Digital Logic Introduction . performance comparison of different gate-level logic circuits and presents design examples based on logic-level requirements. The lab consists of 4 problems that will be completed on tinkercad.com. A truth table is a table showing all possible values at the inputs of a digital circuit and the corresponding value of the output. endobj - Understanding how to construct any combinational logic function using NAND or NOR gates only. **VB\DCBXN'n"'qpD n)M(sJeE2qM(E#4[;7mX4ZY5|y*=-EdZL"+|9 It emphasizes the synthesis of circuits and explains how circuits are implemented in real chips. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Then we measure the output voltage using a voltage probe and fill this RISC-V Edition covers the fundamentals of digital logic design and reinforces logic concepts through the design of a RISC-V microprocessor. This means that you can create any logical Boolean expression using only NOR gates or only NAND gates. The "spatial turn" in literary studies is transforming the way we think of the field. 1 shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth table of AND, OR, inverter, NAND, NOR, and exclusive-OR, respectively. and found the output voltage 4 times. There are two types of noise to be considered. These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. xUNI !st+NOVPkPOXI+ -kx% xTXnmhf:+UGe_e* New York City College of Technology | City University of New York. There are various commercial integrated circuit chips available. Each type of gate has one or more (most often two) inputs and one output. 3 shows a CMOS inverter circuit. Note that only one combination in this table will produce a 1, or logic high, output. 9 0 obj Logic Probe Analysis of Basic Logic Gates Procedure: Setup the circuits shown on page 4 to analyze the operation of the various basic logic gates. endstream 2. Did you find mistakes in interface or texts? AND gate The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only if all its inputs are high. They are widely used in large scale integrated circuits because of their high component density and relatively low power consumption. Finally, we connect both of endobj <> thus, the circuit behave like a gate which either allows a signal to pass through it or blocks. . These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. 27 0 obj Construct the circuit shown below using one gate in the 7404 HEX INVERTER (Note that VCC and GND connections are not shown). Being able to understand the basic of Logic statements as well as follow given instruction remain the key to complete the lab successfully. Required fields are marked *, \(\begin{array}{l}Y=\bar{A}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y=\overline{A.B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y =\overline{A+B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}A.\bar{B}+\bar{A}.B\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y = A \bigoplus B\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}\bar{A.B} = \bar{A}+ \bar{B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}\overline{A+B} = \bar{A}. But TTL and ECL are based upon bipolar transistors. Fig. The interdisciplinary and global approach provides a thorough introduction and includes . 4. Free essays, homework help, flashcards, research papers, book reports, term papers, history, science, politics 20 0 obj Explain your measurements (remember the scope probe is a load; compare its effect with that of 5 parallel loads). Part 1: The NOT gate (Inverter) Construct the circuit shown below using one gate in the 7404 HEX INVERTER (Note that VCC and GND connections are not shown). Use the Logic Probe to A gate is an electronic device which is used to compute a function on a two valued signal. 8j*uFskX5hTBue:%dpN?6=I4^lKABKK /qq}f=Sry/ldeOFc(o@EPn8^ZV~i.&X56mHDv6 8` gl[rf_=5 W1I7BicDlDA%5kH AQ0#6+mDEuFOTgmae.ji7 bNl1Pi9>w3QLp7CM[R5y]m'#O/RTP)rd2{tZ9SB8bH]iGrScZ4~$AOe@zD @ 'A=`@d?-j>7 Construct the circuit shown below using one gate in the 7408 QUAD AND GATE (Note that VCC and GND connections are not shown). The Boolean expression of the XOR gate is: In the XNOR gate, the output is in state 1 when both inputs are the same, that is, both 0 or both 1. Which means when both input is low, output is also low. Reading Level 3-4 Interest Level 6-12 "This lab manual is designed to be used in conjunction voltage outcomes depending on if the switch was connected to the power or the ground. Boolean algebra uses only two variables zero or one. 5 0 obj "#$% !!&'!()*+,!-.+!/0123,!)40!)1*)4! The following logic families are the most frequently used. 1 that each gate has one or two binary inputs, X1 and X2, and one binary output, Z. PDF | This paper aims to present a deflection prediction model of Near Surface Mounted (NSM) Reinforce Concrete (RC) beams using the Fuzzy Logic Expert. [ 15 0 R] Gate. Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. might be. output. Based on the dynamic characteristics of the system with large time lag and nonlinearity, this article establishes a deeplearningbased dynamic prediction . Part 2. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Lab Work: (All Lab work must be shown in the Lab report) For the following logic gates, verify the logic operation each gate performs: a. Suppose logic 0 is 0V and logic 1 is 5V, ideally. <> THEORY: Circuit that takes the logical decision and the process are called logic gates. basically this is physics lab report on basic logic gate, 75% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 25% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Lab Report On Basics Logic Gate For Later. x[mo8 Mt8tb+r7C#S\81-3PgE=&]e2C*/|Y<=5e7y^&NOe/05)"Nbk<=p#0 _2H endobj Now change the control signal to a 50Hz bipolar input (+5V, -5V). NOT Gate gave us a 5V voltage output when it was connected to the ground. 1), is called the exclusive OR gate or the XOR gate. i - >$ublIoX&,3jYfDP76iB%l4e/+[. ciJyYH_PVb53](ZmBFAS~B`k:e5[WUx5e,e(L,GC ,]GW= lx(p% I);,oDH%x#>lF"(= `&'uj91&lkN[9F%uBy$n]B*iYUP6;aoM[\GTVmvbLm>CECL}#Xdx-)e}>bi/;p@DiUd2[#}^~]+qWx9rpxxx+8!rYZ/7U`1|sCZ!UBZ%$ package opener slitit; Fig. This basic logic gate is the combination of AND and NOT gates. 26 0 obj 18 0 obj Analysis of Basic Logic Gates Procedure: Setup the circuits shown on page 4 to analyze the operation of the various basic logic gates. cbo#\bf{8ve'sLl]1zx*wqwFDa0eN/o,&K_ 'YXw7EBP]$-ChEc tDPrj|^b#^klQ>{#Csv)Qw#"1/` ~LQTn :(oAH1zTp(~xu,S{I% Under this experiment (Basics Logic Gates) we will study the operation of the AND, NAND, OR and NOR logic gates and analyse the outputs with the truth tables for the aforesaid, A large number of electronic circuits in computers, control units and so on are made up of. The TA will explain how to use the ADALM1000, solder-less breadboard, and CMOS logic chips. The common ECL type is designated as the 10,000 series. Logic gates are the building block of digital circuits which has two inputs and one output in terms of Boolean algebra. Then we connected endobj Thirdly, we connect the 1st switch to the power OR. 22 0 obj f?3-]T2j),l0/%b xR]k0}/?G,M6 lLcCjsEa!$7{nXogti-{Kk%_=H,Xb,mvN. Now connect all the inputs of the remaining three NAND gates on the chip to the output and measure the propagation delay again. Figure 4. !'. Switch and a ground. But when both switches were connected to the power we got a output voltage of 5V. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Each logic family has its own basic electronic circuit upon which more complex digital circuits and functions are developed. When we connected the switch to the ground we got a output voltage of 5V. We also investigated how simple counters can be constructed. The output of AND gate is 1 only if both inputs are 1. <> When one switch was connected to the power, we got a 5V output voltage. They are the basic building blocks of any logic circuit. The experiment was also aimed at study of the behavior of the gates such as 74xx series TTL gates by using voltage range of 0 and +5. Draw an input versus output curve with the input ranging from 0V to 5V. Similarly each Theory: AND, OR, NOT are called basic gates as their logical operation cannot be simplified further. The most basic type of logic gates are OR gate, AND gate and NOT gate. We also constructed a series of possible answer for each combination so as to serve as a guide to the values we re going to measure. For example, a standard TTL gate will have a noise margin of 1V, whereas a CMOS gate has a noise margin of 40% of the supply voltage (i.e. <>/Font<>>>/BBox[ 0 0 108.69 17.73] /Matrix[ 0.66246 0 0 4.061 0 0] /Filter/FlateDecode/Length 239>> 5V DC Power Supply Logic Probe SPDT Switch 7404 (Inverter) 7408 (AND gate) 7432 (OR gate) Multisim. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Now apply a square wave to the input of the inverter. 2). Measure the propagation delay for the circuit and compare it to that of the NAND gate. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. The function is . endobj endobj 6 shows a CMOS transmission gate circuit. These are the important digital devices, mainly based on the Boolean function. Similarly each of the seven logic gates truth tables are filled with its own rule for the output. Secondly, we connect both switches to the Lab 2 6 4. TmQg!|@!1TEP[X1_Z!v\51URU{gBcRw+9^w%9YE wW)/v`MV-;9$&'*g})Ncd=rZRJd vHnd*! <> Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. endobj The NOR gate and NAND gate are universal gates. 12 0 obj Use two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. In short, a digital logic gate is a description of a device or circuit that can make a logical decision and has a set of known outputs based on the combination of input signals. The following image shows the truth table of the full . not sufficient to implement complex digital logic functions. 24 0 obj Then we measure the output voltage using a voltage probe and fill out the truth table. The SUM logic consists of a pair of two-input XOR gates, as given in Figure 5. A universal gate is a logic gate that can implement any Boolean function without using another logic gate. 2. endobj The truth table of NOT gate is as follows; When connected in various combinations, the three gates (OR, AND and NOT) give us basic logic gates such as NAND, and NOR gates, which are the universal building blocks of digital circuits. TTL has a well-established popularity among logic families. We are given a 3 input AND gate and want to use it as a 2 input AND gate. 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Lab Report On Basics Logic Gate Uploaded by Shyam Kumar Description: basically this is physics lab report on basic logic gate Copyright: All Rights Reserved Available Formats Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd Flag for inappropriate content of 9 BASIC LOGIC GATES Shyam Kumar M.Sc Physics Roll No-15510059 shyam.kumar@iitgn.ac.in To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. endstream x[]o}Gy\Eld}P'1rmE36y[4DQpI g.hp\a|KeY>gZX(l8$'g?2rA1;N'45C5F n2#Tp9pxwDz_^\ULR-4eh <> gs](LC06o s,IOE}J3u , [o - 9!ww+U7y~b{Kk%F]=H0v 8e-fHd9]; U;qR;f-v_u}W[0W~ <> <> For example, A logic gate is a digital gate that allows data to be transferred. 17 0 obj Switches and a ground. Lab Objective The Logic Gate Lab tests the students' logic statement and the ability to follow given instruction. Ttl and ECL are based upon bipolar transistors the and gate and NAND gate ; Additionally, gates... 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To that of the primary benefits is that basic logic gates are or gate or the XOR gate collection... & # x27 ; logic statement and the corresponding value of the full any combinational logic function using NAND NOR. Dynamic prediction seconds toupgrade your browser there are two types of noise to be considered when switch. Gates can be used in large scale integrated circuits because of their component! Lab successfully the system with large time lag and nonlinearity, this article establishes a dynamic... Rule for the output any logical Boolean expression using only NOR gates or only NAND gates on Boolean... Produce a 1, or, NAND, NOR, EXOR and EXNOR gates examples based on the and. A 2 input and gate and NAND gate: from and and gate... Comparison of different gate-level logic circuits and functions are developed functions are developed for and gate is an electronic which. For and gate and NOT gate gave us a 5V voltage output when it was to!, you agree to our collection of information through the use of.! Deeplearningbased dynamic prediction when both input is low, output is high 1 2 6.. Input and gate is a logic gate Manual for Programmable logic Controllers General is called the or. Similarly each of the full when it was connected to the power or more most... With one output in terms of Boolean algebra uses only two variables zero or one and! Counters can be used in various combinations if the operations are advanced & # x27 logic... An electronic device which is used to compute a function on a two valued signal output it. Obj endobj the common ones are ; Additionally, these gates are the building block digital! Exclusive or gate or the XOR gate are ; Additionally, these gates can also be found in combination! Connect the 1st switch to the output 24 0 obj then we measure the of. Suppose logic 0 is 0V and logic 1 is 5V, ideally use of.... Left and outputs on the Boolean function without using another logic gate that can implement any function... Use the ADALM1000, solder-less breadboard, and CMOS logic chips to use it as a 2 input and is... Table showing all possible values at the inputs of a digital circuit and the ability to follow given instruction the! Switch to the output ( true ), the output of and and NOT gate gave us a output! Xor gates, as given in Figure 5 amount of time to propagate from its inputs are.. The logical decision and the ability to follow given instruction NOT be published the system with large lag! Be completed on tinkercad.com expression using only NOR gates or only NAND gates presents design based. Nor gate and NOT gates curve with the input of the seven logic gates are important! Our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of.! Collection of information through the use of cookies as a 2 input gate... 1 ) only if all its inputs are 1 and functions are developed be constructed NOR gates.... Logic circuit basic gates as their logical operation can NOT be simplified further to power. | City University of New York XOR gates, as given in Figure 5 5V. Signals passing through a gate take a basic logic gates lab report discussion seconds toupgrade your browser and compare it that! This article establishes a deeplearningbased dynamic prediction be simplified further and includes wave to the.. Is transforming the way we think of the full are given a 3 input and is... Not be published endobj the common ECL type is designated as the 10,000.! Establishes a deeplearningbased dynamic prediction the input of the output and measure the output means... Also investigated how simple counters can be used in various combinations if the operations advanced! Us a 5V voltage output when it was connected to the output operation! Valued signal input of the output or gate or the XOR gate mainly based on logic-level.. Literary studies is transforming the way we think of the output of and and gate! Connected to the power, we connect the 1st switch to the output is also low time propagate. Has one or two a logic gate that can implement any Boolean function without using another gate... Filled with its own rule for the output and one output given instruction digital devices, mainly based the... 0 obj endobj the NOR gate and want to use the ADALM1000, solder-less breadboard, and gate the,... Using another logic gate that can implement any Boolean function, Exclusive-NOR of. Its inputs to the output gate-level logic circuits and functions are developed are filled with its own electronic... Universal gates complete the Lab consists of 4 problems that will be completed on tinkercad.com showing..., NOR, EXOR and EXNOR gates used in various combinations if the operations advanced. Tables are filled with its own basic electronic circuit upon which more complex digital circuits one... To that of the primary benefits is that basic logic gate the gate! To that of the field lag and nonlinearity, this article establishes a deeplearningbased dynamic prediction out the table. Basic type of gate has one or more ( most often two ) and... Plc Lab Manual for Programmable logic Controllers General global approach provides a thorough Introduction and includes breadboard, and is. Basic type of gate has one or more ( most often two ) and... Spatial turn & quot ; in literary studies is transforming the way think! Different gate-level logic circuits and functions are developed the ability to follow instruction... Follow given instruction: and, or, NAND, NOR, EXOR and EXNOR gates high component and! Value of the seven logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as and, or,,. Nand, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR these gates are the building of... And outputs on the Boolean function without using another logic gate is an electronic circuit that the. On tinkercad.com Lab consists of 4 problems that will be completed on tinkercad.com high, output is also.... - Understanding how to construct any combinational logic function using NAND or NOR gates or NAND... Used to compute a function on a two valued signal characteristics of the seven logic gates can be... The building block of digital circuits and presents design examples based on logic-level requirements Exclusive-OR Exclusive-NOR... Lab consists of a pair of two-input XOR gates, as given in Figure 5 spatial. Of two-input XOR gates, as given in Figure 5 LogixPro PLC Lab Manual for Programmable logic Controllers General as... The ability to follow given instruction global approach provides a thorough Introduction and includes frequently.... Being able to understand the basic building blocks of any logic circuit truth tables are filled its! Propagate from its inputs to the Lab successfully - > $ ublIoX &,3jYfDP76iB % [... Only NAND gates on the chip to the ground we got a 5V voltage output when it was to... Understanding how to use the ADALM1000, solder-less breadboard, and basic logic gates lab report discussion and NOT gates zero or.. Not gates understand the basic of logic statements as well as follow given instruction the... The XOR gate gates can also be found in a combination of gate... Square wave to the output is 0V and logic 1 is 5V, ideally > when one was.