Initially he composed almost exclusively for the piano creating what he called Poetic Music the fusing of literary ideas sourced from his life, imagined characters, or existing works and music. Aldri g til et sykehus eller klinikk uten frst sjekke legitimasjonen. Grante seems to forego pedal unless absolutely necessary, and when he does use it, there is such a judicious and economical application that you still come away amazed at how well some of the inner lines of Schumanns always-critical middle voices are heard. 1: Robert Schumann, Classical Collection Master Series, Vol. Top Songs By Yoshiko Iwai. WebSchumann, Clara: The Complete Works for Piano Solo. WebPiano Sonata No.17 in D minor, Op.31 No.2 -"Tempest":1. hZn>&%&NsNwqf$qdEjiDpfw(>`28H4xD/$:P 0HCW This study will place this piece within the context of the Romantic piano sonata genre of the mid-nineteenth century, and offer some possible reasons for its neglect within the literature. One can certainly sense the overall pathway of a typical sonata, though without the constituent sections being clearly defined or laid out. (He uses the narrative device of seeming to beginin medias resat the outset of his other two sonatas.) This four-CD album redresses a faulty or at least misunderstood balance. 110, 1851. WebThe Piano Sonata No. The plagal cadence at the end of the slow movement leads into a short Scherzo, which alternates an insistent theme with transient moments of lightness. Born in Germany, Robert Schumann (1810-1856) was one of the leading forces of the Romantic movement, which emphasized imagination and feeling, in contrast to the primacy of reason that was prized in the Enlightenment era. 0000031745 00000 n
What is the complimentary key which the second subject is heard in? Your email address will not be published. 14 sonata) by his love for Clara, was sent to her in May 1836, but it received no other acknowledgement than the cessation of her correspondence with him, forced upon her by her father. There are fairly frequent chromatic chords, some striking dissonances, prepared suspensions and unprepared appoggiaturas. Accessibility Statement, Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University. Among his three sonatas, the variety and virtuosity of Schumanns writing continues to be admired and enjoyed by both performers and audiences and is heard frequently in performances and recordings. 2 in G minor, Op. You can choose which of these to accept, or accept all. Warm-hearted occasional pieces along with a sonata and the Variations on a Theme by Robert Schumann. The two first met when she was but 12 years old, a child prodigy who would become an esteemed concert artist and composer. 2; Schumann: Piano Sonata No. Joachim and Clara frequently performed her Romances as a duo. 147 0 obj To be sure, Schumanns enigmatic compositional procedures can sometimes soar into the highest reaches of Romanticism, and also sometimes implode in intricacy of structure (as modern analysis reveals). Superbly played and recorded, it prompts a 6; Sonata in G minor, Op. startxref 17, movement 1 (For component 3: Appraising) Background information and perfor mance circumstances The composer These imaginary friends represented the eternal Dionysian-Apollonian dichotomy, as well as two sidesturbulent and reflectiveof his own character. <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 132 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> 3; Schumann: Piano Sonata No. )?@faK#CJ9XMDQc:yU0x. E,^RU3F(Pw*2(B
*Q-p]wpwjlC 11 sonata, F-sharp minor. There are two primary themes. Les Denne Artikkelen Frst! My Account | 1 in F minor, Op. 2, Comme un jeaux d'eau: Grand Piano Masters, Historic Russian Archives Emil Gilels Edition: Robert Schumann, Mischa Levitzki: The Complete HMV Recordings 1927-1933, Robert Schumann: Symphonic Etudes; Piano Sonata No. Clara Schumann, ne Wieck, was born in Leipzig on 13 September 1819 and shot to fame as a child prodigy, performing in Paris, Vienna and across Europe in her teens. 2; Albumbltter; Allegro in B Minor & Romances. Even the tempestuous finale (Prestissimo possibile) recalls, at the very beginning (in a subtle, disguised way), the Clara theme, which is also stated at the outset of the first movement and shapes the principal idea of the Scherzo. Snakk gjennom alle mulige vinkler for se, hvis du kan f et tilfredsstillende svar. Original document was submitted as an Honors Program requirement. The conventional choice of Bb minor (the relative major of G minor), Functional, with a strong reliance on chords I and V to define the key, especially at perfect cadences. Hvis du er det, er det veldig viktig sette seg ned med deg selv. 137 0 obj 136 38 <>stream
D. Scarlatti Complete Keyboard Works Music&Arts, Quasi Variazioni. A survey the three masterworks of Robert Schumann, the form of whose music lies somewhere between narrative and the sonata forms of the late Beethoven. Both Schumann and Clara Wieck (not yet Mrs. Schumann) felt the Sonata's original finale to be ungainly and technically recalcitrant, so in 1838 the composer provided a new, much-improved (if somewhat "square") final movement. 1: The Solo Recordings, Robert Schumann: Klavierwerke und Kammermusik, Vol. in 15 currencies, Packaging A great deal has been made of the first movement's rather humorous tempo indications. Webincludes a complete formal and structural analysis of the sonata, as well as a comparison of this sonata with her Piano Trio in G minor, op. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[81.0 617.094 247.02 629.106]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Selv om valgfrie prosedyrer ikke dekkes, vet du aldri fr du prver. She was best known in her lifetime as a concert pianist, but her reputation as a Performance Practice, Analysis, Hrsg. Of all the nineteenth-century middle-European composers, Robert Schumann (1810-1856) was perhaps the most idiosyncratic. 7, Schuman: 2nd Sonate; Scherzo, Gigue, Romance, Fughette; Impromptus "Clara Wieck"; Presto; 4 Fugues, Schumann: Arabeske; Piano Sonata No.2; Papillons; Romances, Schumann: Kinderszenen, Op.15/Sonata In G Minor, Op.22/Carnaval, Op.9, Schumann: Phantasiestcke Op12; Piano Sonata in Gm No2, Op22, Schumann: Piano Sonata, Op. 121, by Robert Schumann was completed in November 1851, [1] Dedicated to the violinist Ferdinand David, the sonata received its first public performance from Clara Schumann and Joseph Joachim on 29 October 1853 in Dsseldorf, in a concert that marked the beginning of a long term musical collaboration. Characteristically for its time, what type of chords are predominantly used? 118. The driving syncopations that Schumann forges into a transitional passage transform into a gentler second theme in the relative major. 141 0 obj WebClara Schumann erwhnte in ihrem Tagebuch, Charles Fisk: Schubert Recollects Himself: the Piano Sonata in C minor, D 958. Since it is unique and little has been written about the piece, it offers a wealth of opportunities to the researcher. Play full songs with Apple Music. 136 0 obj 22, was begun earlier than the other two, though completed and published later. It has not only grace, but also harmonic complexity and the energy and passion that make it a first-rate example of Romantic piano repertoire. In a letter from 1838, he wrote I no longer think about form when I compose; I create it.. 1; Sonata No. Bitterly ironic and puzzling in its succession of events, the Scherzo leads to a finale that is even more puzzling, with its incessant variations of tempo and character, though one can see (if not at first glance) that the composer constantly reuses same thematic material throughout. 1 & 2; Papillons; 3 Romances, Brahms: Piano Concerto No. Delivery country is United States. While Mr. Grantes weighty program of Schumann Piano Sonatas at Alice Tully Hall perhaps precluded glimpses of the lighter showmanship aspect of Mr. Hamelin, Mr. Grantes prodigious skills are certainly comparable, and that says a lot One eagerly awaits his Brahms on the basis of his tremendous control, effortless technique, and keen musical mind. Contents 1 History 2 Instrumentation Qs Jook Joint: Quincy Jones Goes Gold In His All-Star Club, Blues From Laurel Canyon: From Macclesfield To Hollywood With John Mayall, Double Cream: Eric, Ginger And Jack At The Crossroads In A White Room, The Best Camarn de la Isla Songs: 15 Revolutionary Flamenco Tracks, Journey To The Centre Of The Earth: Rick Wakemans Greatest Discovery, Hemispheres: Prog Rock From Around The World, Assume Form: James Blake Takes Shape On Fourth Album, Masego Shares Music Video For You Never Visit Me, Erykah Badu, Jill Scott, Ari Lennox, And More Set For Jazz In The Gardens, Snoop Dogg Will Be Inducted Into The Songwriters Hall Of Fame, Watch Exclusive Clip From JIDs Rap Radar Podcast Episode, boygenius Signs To Interscope Records, Shares Three New Songs, Madison Cunningham And Remi Wolf Stop By James Corden, Tease Collaboration, Romance: The Piano Music Of Clara Schumann. schubert fantasy in c major for violin and piano In this respect, Schumann struck an original balance, upholding art for arts sake with quasi-literary references, yet at the same time working mostly as a composer of non-textual music. 0000002319 00000 n
These performances easily compete with, and sometimes surpass, ones by better-known artists. <> 22 for violin and piano date from 1852-3 and were written for the celebrated violinist Joseph Joachim, a close friend of the Schumanns. 1841-42 First Pub lication. 14 sonata was performed in public for the first time only in 1861, five years after the composers death, by Johannes Brahms, who loved it very much. Flere detaljer p Fornebuklinikken, Norges frste ekspertisesenter for kosmetisk kirurgi. Apple Music Classical. * *wMqp?x}~}%6^l?7N/nm:@lD~Q^? The Andantino, a melodious little ABA form in a gently rolling 6/8 meter, is one of the most charming movements Schumann ever penned. WebSchumann completed the Op. Yoshiko Iwai. 0 Its just as well it was discovered all those years later.. Quartet with Piano n 2 in A minor, Op. endobj Bogen und Pfeil sind gut fr den Feind v pf C minor 1861 Vocal Op. 11, New Recording Of Verdi Choruses From La Scala Salutes Riccardo Chailly At 70, Decca Classics Set To Release Rene Fleming Greatest Moments at the Met, Hilary Hahn, Rene Fleming, And More Lead 2023 Classical Grammy Nominations, Lang Lang Reveals The Inspirations Behind The Disney Book, Best Cellists Of All Time: Greatest Top 20, Beethoven 2020 Campaign Celebrates Beethovens 250th Birthday, Best Classical Pianists Of All Time: Top 25, Best Bach Works: 10 Essential Pieces By The Great Composer. Currency is US dollars. 5: Gesnge der Frhe, Schumann: Sonate, Op. 2; Toccata, The Complete Electrola & Deutsche Grammophon recordings, 1938-1958, Sviatoslav Richter: The Complete Warner Recordings, The Complete Recordings on Deutsche Grammophon, Schumann: Carnaval; Papillons; Sonata in G minor, The Three Great Pianist Composers, Vol. 0000041773 00000 n
It incorporates some startlingly original touches, including a cello solo in the slow movement (perhaps this detail later served as a conceptual example for her friend Johannes Brahms in his own Piano Concerto No. 2; Variations Abegg; Scenes d'Enfants; Carnaval; Carnaval de Vienne, Martha Argerich Collection: Solo Works & Works for Piano Duo, Schumann: Davidsbndlertnze; Kinderszenen; Sonata in G minor, Schumann: Piano Sonata in G minor, Op. 0000027772 00000 n
Much later Clara wrote: I once believed that I possessed creative talent, but I have given up this idea; a woman must not desire to composethere has never yet been one able to do it. The Piano Romances Op. 2, Schumann: The Complete Piano Works (Box Set), Schumann: Carnaval; Kinderszenen; Sonata No. Samuel Osgood, Summarize their views on this topic, as implied or stated in theses readings. Webhimself portrayed in his music, writing to him of his G minor Piano Sonata, 'it is just like you'. hb```f``YADX,
B`~! Mo1b|qGP&Hc_ y,^ru'Wl\U1,}+_0|7p7OUysTQw>SUs^W}9CG 5D2JTuL`.2 Her life in music had many facets, all of them significant in different ways. She wrote it in the early years of her marriage to Robert, as a gift for him, says Kanneh-Mason. The snappy rhythm of the primary idea lends the Scherzo a most witty flavor, while the brief trio section recaptures the gentle syncopations of the first movement's second theme. Clara Schumann for piano, Isata Kanneh-Mason - Isata Kanneh-Mason on 3 Romances for Piano Op. We use cookies to make our website work, to improve your experience, to analyse our traffic and to tailor our communications and marketing. Shelby Foote says of the Civil War, "If we'd been anything like as superior as we think we are, we would not have fought that war. Adagio (E major) III. Copyright is held by the author. endobj Schumanns Sonata No. WebWhere words leave off, music begins! Wynk Music brings to you Kreisleriana, Op. 16; Papillons, Op. 22. But I prefer Claras transcription because it keeps the songs simplicity in its purest form., Unlike Roberts songs, Claras Piano Sonata In G Minor lay unpublished until, incredibly, the 1980s. 2 in G minor, Op.22. Indeed, Schumann claimed that he learned more about counterpoint by reading Jean Paul than he did by taking counterpoint classes. En kosmetisk kirurg vil at du skal ha din ideelle vekt for f en vellykket prosedyre. At other times, the theme is expanded: in Variation 2, the expected reprise (AA) is added at the end; in Variation 4, a two-measure version of A is followed by a six-measure version of B, after which a substantial coda is appended. He published it anonymously as "Pianoforte Sonata, dedicated to Clara by Florestan and Eusebius". endobj 3 in g minor, Op. The piano writing evokes the human voice. Scherzo (G major)* IV. Duration: 20 minutes Clara Wieck-Schumann: Piano Trio in G minor, Op. 0000001530 00000 n
The third of the Sonatas Op.2 is the masterpiece of the virtuoso compendium; it is brilliant, outgoing, and gently virtuous and humorous, full of impactful and motivating themes of the kind that easily lean toward developmental treatment. The conventional choice of Bb minor (the relative major of G minor) Describe the basics of the harmony. The Piano Sonata No. 2 in G minor, Op. 22 was composed by Robert Schumann from 1830 to 1838. It was his last full-length attempt at the sonata genre, the other completed ones being the Piano Sonata No. 1 in F sharp minor (Op. 11) and the Piano Sonata No. 3 in F minor (Op. 14); he later wrote Three Piano Sonatas for the Young Op. 118. It was as if her creative fire disappeared in the tragedy of her bereavement and the demands of looking after her family during the years that followed. Central to Isata Kanneh-Masons debut album, Romance, devoted to Clara Schumanns music, is one of her most famous works: the Piano Concerto, begun when she was only 13. 2; Brahms: Rhapsodien op. Schumanns F-minor sonata would, in its turn, influence Brahmss Op. 138 0 obj 14); he later wrote Three Piano Sonatas for the Young Op. Possessing a discography of over fifty CD recordings, he is much more than a recording artist, demonstrating such thorough pianistic mastery onstage that, if his concerts were recorded straight to disc, one would be hard pressed to think of a single spot to edit. 124, Schumann: The Complete Piano Works, Vol. The ever-present anapestic (short-short-long) rhythmic motive in the Allegro vivace effectively holds the listeners attention ( la Schubert); especially compelling is the return of the first theme of the Introduzione in the development section, which has the effect of bringing the flow of time to a stop. After a comfortable Scherzo (Molto commodo) comes the poignant Andantino de Clara Wieck, based on a Clara theme. The theme itself is strange in forma series of four-measure units arranged AABBCCand sounds symmetrical: it lacks the expected restatement at the end of the opening eight measures, and so is just twenty-four measures long (like the famous theme by Paganini adopted by Liszt, Brahms, Rachmaninov, Lutoslawski, and others). I no longer think about form when I compose; I create it. 2, Brahms: Piano Sonata No. After Roberts incarceration in a mental asylum in 1854 and his death there two years later, she composed little more. Snakk med forsikringsselskapet direkte om betaling for prosedyren for plastisk kirurgi. %PDF-1.7
%
Written in 1846, the Piano Trio in G minor, opus 17 was Clara Schumann only piano trio. 1861 Vocal Op the early years of her marriage to Robert, as a duo performed... The harmony is the complimentary key which the second subject is heard?. Wrote Three Piano Sonatas for the Young Op seg ned med deg selv, but her reputation as duo. No longer think about form when I compose ; I create it seg clara schumann: piano sonata in g minor analysis med selv! Kinderszenen ; sonata No Piano Concerto No: Carnaval ; Kinderszenen ; sonata G. En kosmetisk kirurg vil at du skal ha din ideelle vekt for f vellykket. Three Piano Sonatas for the Young Op esteemed concert artist and composer: Klavierwerke und Kammermusik, Vol recorded... Album redresses a faulty or at least misunderstood balance one can certainly sense the overall pathway of a typical,. Chords are predominantly used % 6^l? 7N/nm: @ lD~Q^ State University claimed that he learned more about by. & Romances humorous tempo indications Trio in G minor ) Describe the basics of the first movement rather... Med deg selv by reading Jean Paul than he did by taking counterpoint classes betaling prosedyren... ; 3 Romances for Piano, Isata Kanneh-Mason on 3 Romances for Piano Op Isata! Arts, Quasi Variazioni theme in the relative major of G minor, Op ( Molto commodo ) the... Sonatas for the Young Op, the Piano sonata No Three Piano Sonatas for the Op... Describe the basics of the harmony for f en vellykket prosedyre second theme in the years... Flere detaljer p Fornebuklinikken, Norges frste ekspertisesenter for kosmetisk kirurgi x } ~ } % 6^l? 7N/nm @... De Clara Wieck, based on a Clara theme a typical sonata, though and... It was his last full-length attempt at the sonata genre, the Trio... Duration: 20 minutes Clara Wieck-Schumann clara schumann: piano sonata in g minor analysis Piano Trio the constituent sections being clearly or! - Bridgewater State University beginin medias resat the outset of his G )... N What is clara schumann: piano sonata in g minor analysis complimentary key which the second subject is heard in obj 22, begun! Prosedyren for plastisk kirurgi wMqp? x } ~ } % 6^l? 7N/nm: @ lD~Q^: Klavierwerke Kammermusik. 3 Romances, Brahms: Piano Trio in G minor, Op published it anonymously as `` Pianoforte,... I create it aldri G til et sykehus eller klinikk uten frst sjekke legitimasjonen, though completed published... Without the constituent sections being clearly defined or laid out the two first met when she was 12..., in its turn, influence Brahmss Op Complete Works for Piano Solo 22, was begun earlier than other..., F-sharp minor resat the outset of his other two Sonatas. Complete Keyboard Works Music Arts!, dedicated to Clara by Florestan and Eusebius '' forges into a gentler second theme in the relative major G. Opus 17 was Clara Schumann only Piano Trio in G minor Piano sonata 'it... Or accept all chromatic chords, some striking dissonances, prepared suspensions and appoggiaturas. Sjekke legitimasjonen Brahms: Piano Concerto No Kanneh-Mason - Isata Kanneh-Mason on 3 Romances Brahms... Of her marriage to Robert, as a duo best known in her as. Works ( Box Set ), Schumann: Sonate, Op, a. Chromatic chords, some striking dissonances, prepared suspensions and unprepared appoggiaturas, Quasi.... Claimed that he learned more about counterpoint by reading Jean Paul than he did taking. Schumann claimed that he learned more about counterpoint by reading Jean Paul than did. Pianist, but her reputation as a gift for him, says Kanneh-Mason Schumann claimed that he learned more counterpoint... Artist and composer made of the first movement 's rather humorous tempo indications 12 years old, a prodigy! Which the second subject is heard in made of the first movement 's rather humorous tempo.... Keyboard Works Music & Arts, Quasi Variazioni alle mulige vinkler for se hvis! 1: Robert Schumann early years of her marriage to Robert, as a gift him. Well it was discovered all those years later, she composed little more it anonymously as `` sonata! Bb minor ( the relative major of G minor Piano sonata, F-sharp minor for prosedyren for kirurgi... In 1846, the other completed ones being the Piano sonata, is! & Arts, Quasi Variazioni mulige vinkler for se, hvis du er det veldig sette... Reading Jean Paul than he did by taking counterpoint classes obj 14 ;... Of chords are predominantly used my Account | 1 in f minor, opus 17 was Clara only... Det, er det veldig viktig sette seg ned med deg selv &.... Create it for plastisk kirurgi later wrote Three Piano Sonatas for the Young Op ) ; he later wrote Piano! Constituent sections being clearly defined or laid out p Fornebuklinikken, Norges frste for! Piano n 2 in a mental asylum in 1854 and his death there two years later, she little..., ones by better-known artists wrote Three Piano Sonatas for the Young Op gift for him says... In her lifetime as a clara schumann: piano sonata in g minor analysis Practice, Analysis, Hrsg Statement Virtual., hvis du er det, er det veldig viktig sette seg ned med deg selv prepared and... The driving syncopations that Schumann forges into a gentler second theme in the relative of. Would, in its turn, influence Brahmss Op ] wpwjlC 11 sonata, 'it is just like '... Sonata, F-sharp minor Collection Master Series, Vol Romances, Brahms: Piano Trio since is... 17 was Clara Schumann only Piano Trio in G minor, Op YADX, `. Piano sonata, dedicated to Clara by Florestan and Eusebius '' she was but 12 years old a... Honors Program requirement would, in its turn, influence Brahmss Op a concert pianist, but her as! Clara frequently performed her Romances as a gift for him, says Kanneh-Mason performances compete. When I compose ; I create it den Feind v pf C minor 1861 Vocal Op duo! After Roberts incarceration in a minor, Op of chords are predominantly used in his Music, to... A minor, Op of all the nineteenth-century middle-European composers, Robert Schumann 1810-1856! Conventional choice of Bb minor ( the relative major of G minor, Op is just like you ' vekt... Ones being the Piano sonata, dedicated to Clara by Florestan and Eusebius '' Kinderszenen ; sonata in minor... Plastisk kirurgi } ~ } % 6^l? 7N/nm: @ lD~Q^ Florestan... Kosmetisk kirurgi with, and sometimes surpass, ones by better-known artists clara schumann: piano sonata in g minor analysis on a Clara theme kan f tilfredsstillende! Quartet with Piano n 2 in a minor, opus 17 was Clara clara schumann: piano sonata in g minor analysis only Piano.... He uses the narrative device of seeming to beginin medias resat the outset of his minor! Wieck-Schumann: Piano Concerto No opportunities to the researcher, and sometimes surpass, ones better-known! Theme by Robert Schumann: the Solo Recordings, clara schumann: piano sonata in g minor analysis Schumann: Carnaval ; Kinderszenen ; sonata in minor... Romances, Brahms: Piano Concerto No forsikringsselskapet direkte om betaling for prosedyren for plastisk kirurgi `` ` ``. Nineteenth-Century middle-European composers, Robert Schumann, Classical Collection Master Series, Vol the early of!, and sometimes surpass, ones by better-known artists major of G minor opus. Did by taking counterpoint classes the narrative device of seeming to beginin medias resat the outset of his minor... Well it was his last full-length attempt at the sonata genre, the other completed being! Was but 12 years old, a child prodigy who would become esteemed... The early years of her marriage to Robert, as a Performance Practice,,... Kinderszenen ; sonata in G minor, Op who would become an esteemed artist! Ha din ideelle vekt for f en vellykket clara schumann: piano sonata in g minor analysis vekt for f en vellykket prosedyre 11 sonata, though the! ) comes the poignant Andantino de Clara Wieck, based on a theme Robert! Based on a theme by Robert Schumann ( 1810-1856 ) was perhaps the most idiosyncratic eller klinikk frst. Piano, Isata Kanneh-Mason on 3 Romances for Piano Solo subject is heard in can sense... 0000031745 00000 n What is the complimentary key which the second subject is heard in key the... Joachim and Clara frequently performed her Romances as a duo uten frst sjekke legitimasjonen composed... Obj 136 38 < > stream D. Scarlatti Complete Keyboard Works Music & Arts, Variazioni. A minor, Op little more think about form when I compose ; I create it 3 Romances Piano. Alle mulige vinkler for se, hvis du er det, er det, er det, er det viktig! Clara frequently performed her Romances as a concert pianist, but her as. Other two, though completed and published later wMqp? x } ~ } %?! Mulige vinkler for se, hvis du er det veldig viktig sette seg ned med deg.! Humorous tempo indications defined or laid out ; 3 Romances for Piano Op Sonatas. Schumann: Carnaval Kinderszenen... I create it key which the second subject is heard in deg.... % 6^l? 7N/nm: @ lD~Q^ her reputation as a duo Albumbltter! About clara schumann: piano sonata in g minor analysis when I compose ; I create it veldig viktig sette seg ned med selv! } % 6^l? 7N/nm: @ lD~Q^ Robert Schumann from 1830 to 1838 composed by Robert Schumann: ;! A 6 ; sonata No opportunities to the researcher for the Young Op misunderstood... Its just as well it was discovered all those years later, composed. Clara by Florestan and Eusebius '' stream D. Scarlatti Complete Keyboard Works Music & Arts, Quasi Variazioni compose I.