Qedasse Bet The training of the altar priest Traditionally, teachers in different areas select any text for reading. ( ) = , 32. Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. = , 29. After repeating the entire book of Psalms several times using Wurdnebab, he continues reading for months, even over a year, using the Qum-Nebab reading method. . The number and the kind of books the student has to read at this stage is not standardized. He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. The teaching method allows the boy free activities and movements as illustrated below. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. Traditionally writing is not taught, since this was not needed in everyday life, unlike reading which is necessary for daily prayers and participating in the church service. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. We may then be justified, with some reservation, in saying that at present the total Nebab bet enrolment might well be 300,000. Not only did it preserve its ancient tradition with tenacity and convey it to future generations but it also secured remarkable continuity that has lasted to the present day. (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. Usually the child learns the whole set of letters in sequence by heart, so that in reality he may not be able to distinguish on letter from the other. . One could say that in the Qene School the content of learning covers practically all aspects of the values of the traditional social system in which the student lives. The Qne bet ( house of the qne) is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian OrthodoxTwahdoChurch. With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. = , 4. The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word. 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) selected epistles of St. Paul, St. James, and St. Peter; the Gospels, usually the Gospel of St. John is used as a text for exercise; Arganon: praises of St. Tamara Mariam: the miracles and wonder of St. Mary; Paulos: the epistles of St. Paul; Tamara Iyasus: the miracles of Jesus; the Acts of the Apostles, etc. () : The teacher may then make some remarks on the students work for the day. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. 2. What is the process of training and what is offered in the higher schools? The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church > > > > > > //// . The Qne bet takes from three to five years. The church school system, which is one of the oldest in Christendom, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the introduction of Christianity about the 4th century. [ . ], 3. This does not include pupils receiving instruction in the village schools and in private compounds. = , 12. . The emigrants brought their secular and liturgical music traditions with them. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. However, he follows the progress of his student daily, so no special tests are needed. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. The canon law (Fetha Negest) as well as the calendar calculation (Bahre Hasab) are also studied here. . = , 18. The related musical notation is known as melekket. b) Qene Bet This way the group can compare its progress to know how far it had grasped the interpretation of the previous time. Quick Summary . " " " " . The daily life in the Qne bet basically consists of hours of independent work, when the students memorize and ana- lyse famous qne, learn vocabularies and try to compose qne of their own; and sessions where they recite their poems in front of the teacher and other students receiving the most profound critical evaluation of their work, accept from the teacher lessons and work on them etc. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . When this group leaves the teacher, another group or individual comes to read to the teacher and hears his commentary. . [7] The Synaxarium of the Ethiopian Church attests that Ethiopian liturgical chants are faithful to Yared and divine in nature. At the end the graduation ceremony is closed by inviting him to sit on the chair (wmbr) of his master. = [ ], 7. Such schools may perhaps play a wider role within the context of the national campaign for literacy and provide more instruction for adults as well as young pupils. Privacy-Statement . [ . Zema or the chant tradition of Ethiopia, particularly the chants of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, is attributed to St. Yared, a composer and a choreographer who lived in Aksum in the 6th century AD. Prominent Zema bet are at Dbr Abbay (Tgray), Sllkula (Wllo) and Gon Tewodros (Goam). The first subject of study for the child is the set of Geez letters, known as the Fidel. Ethiopianorthodox.org The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. To specialize in Qene so as to be a teacher in a higher school, the student must attend several schools and study more branches of Qene, which means studying and wandering for some years more. There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. Wandering students usually come from farming and clerical families very few are from the higher classes. ], 1. In the Christian highlands of Ethiopia, the Church constituted the main guardian of traditional culture and provided the only schools in the land for many centuries. This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. The majority of the Debtera are laymen, and as such they are not allowed to serve in the mass and the administration of sacraments. He can then practice reading different religious texts. THE ROLE OF THE ETHIOPIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN LITERATURE AND ART - Ethiopic or Ge'eze literature - The literary achievements of the Aksumite period (5th - 7th centuries) - The Solomonic restoration - Liturgical works - Painting and manuscript art THE ETHIOPIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH SCHOOL SYSTEM - Introduction - The nebab bet - Fidel instruction The following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e. . = , 06. Ethiopian Christian music is largely sustained by communities of descent. Ethiopian Orthodox Church school's curriculum and its ways of provision, assessment, code of conduct, methodology and the livelihood of Ye'qolo Temari. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. One important reason memorization is so stressed all through the Church Schools is that writing materials were traditionally not well developed. / eathebook ! MARYAM () : https://youtu.be/6I1ujFtU0CciTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14482. In some cases students are made to memorize the texts of the Psalms. ( ) . Online. [ . ], 16 - , 17 - = , 18 - . The usually strict demands of the teachers are accepted with out hesitation, because the wandering student has come to the school of his own free will and has willingly submitted himself to the authority of the teacher. [2], Any form of Ethiopian gospel music was not recorded until the 1950s when priest Mere Geta Lisanework assisted the Ethiopian Radio in recording. Theoretically, both boys and girls and members of all ethnic groups and classes are eligible to enroll in church schools. . A teacher specialized in this branch of the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e. .. = , 28. [4] Most of the Ethiopian Highlands had been Miaphysite Christian since the fourth century. [ ], 1. Instruction in the Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of reading. The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. The third branch is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church Fathers, e.g. To help the child distinguish the different characteristics of the alphabet another table has been prepared. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. Usually, there is no financial support for the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works. This timetable shows that the student does not assimilate his lesson passively it happens in other branches of traditional learning. a) Zema Bet (Music school) b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. [ . ], 4. = in Gojjam, the Gonji and Washera schools of Qene differ from this. DEBESEY() : https://youtu.be/1MXnDADblAs5. Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. It is likely that Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. The heavy demands of cultivation and cattle tending force the parents to demand the services of their children. b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) () -., 18 - = , 11 - = , 20 - = , 21 - = , 3. . = , 26. In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. [10], Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. All depends on the availability of books. This role is encouraged by the shortage of places in government schools and the consequent preference given to children who can already read and write. Everything there is to Ethiopia from around the web. . In other words, the church is successfully bridging the transition from strictly traditional scholarship to a new, dynamic era where traditional learning and modern education will blend together to ensure the continuity of Ethiopias Christian heritage in the setting of modern world. Non-Christian families are reluctant to send their children to a Nebab bet because it is closely integrated with the church. a) Fidel Instruction 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. 81 2 . Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century. The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. He then learns Zeamlakiye (3 verses), Wazema (5 verses). In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. = , 24 - .= , 25 - . Rather, it is as a mnemonic. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1 - () = , 19 = , 2 () = , 20 = ( ) , 3 - , 21 = ( ) , 4 - () = , 22 = () , 5 - () = , 23 = () , 6 = , 24 = ( ) , 7 () = , 25 = ( ) , 8 = , 26 = , 9 = , 27 = ( ) , 10 = , 28 = ( ) , 11 = , 29 = ( ) - , 12 = , 30 = ( ) - , 13 = ( ) = , 31 = ( ) - , 14 = , 32 = , 15 = , 33 = ( ) - , 16 = , 34 = () - , 17 = , 35 = () - , 18 ' = ( ) . The office of a priest is particularly attractive to tenants or landless peasants, because a priest in his area enjoys privileges, and his office entitles him to possession of the land known as Semon land. ( = ), 001. . () = , 3. The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. () = , 31. He may be called upon to read and write letters. In the just completed Ethiopian year, it managed to get all its 8, 10, and 12 graders pass school leaving examinations.The School ranked 1st out of private schools in Addis Ababa and was awarded three cups as well as one big cup for being a general winner. The final stage known as Qum Nebab is simple, if the above stage are well-mastered. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. The school has a reputation for having its students promoted. Online Status. These are most widespread but there are other forms, e.g. Traditionally a boy can receive only the Nebab Bet instruction while he is at home. At certain ceremonies he may recite prayers, if no priest is available. To demonstrate this we should describe the average study day at the Zema Bet. . = , 30 . = , 08. = , 12. Around that period, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church already had a corpus of prayers. However, zm also survives in the reli-gious tradition of the Falashas, a Judaized people living in northwestern Ethiopia whose origin is widely debated. After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. the functions of deacon and of a priest in the liturgy. Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. Humming at the lowest range of the male voice. = , 5. As a next step to help him distinguish individual letters, he is led to pronounce each letter reading from right to left and then from top to bottom. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. () = - ., 10. In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . = , 28. = , 23 - . Since the pupils do not understand the texts, the memorization drills are very exacting in energy and time. When he was studying a particular part of the Fidel the student unrolled the parchment and fixed the two-ends of the roll on a wooden stick with a piece of cloth or string. . . [12], Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. .hide-if-no-js { The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. However, before and after the mass there are readings of the scriptures, ritual dance, and long hymns and poems. [6], Students of Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and begin practicing singing in childhood. When one of the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher. When he is convinced that the pupil has reached the level of knowledge traditionally required at this stage of learning, he indicated that the time has come when he may leave the Nebab Bet. It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. = . The next day the student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition. [5] Yared, who lived in the sixth century, represents the first known case of indigenous Ethiopian musical notation and religious music. Besides this, the student is attracted by the adventurous and romantic life of a begging and wondering student, about whom much is spoken and fabulous stories are told. [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. He must also profoundly study traditional cultural, social, intellectual and educational values (Alemayyehu Moges 1973: 92). Ethiopianorthodox.org traffic volume is 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews. Required fields are marked *, I'm not a robot * This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. = ( ) = .. On such tables the number of the letters and the forms in the seven orders remain the same, but the place of the characters is changed or mixed up, so that the child cannot depend only on his memory and the sequence in which he has memorized the characters. 1 = . The Qne bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods. Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. . However, in the urban centers and roadside towns the elementary church school, the Nebab Bet is flourishing as an institution to prepare pupils for Government schools, teaching young children literacy in Amharic. = [ Zema means a pleasing sound, a song or a melody in Ge'ez,[1][3] the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. The method he uses is the chanting from and the Wurdnebab reading process. There is a large concentration of qualified priests (qes) and musicians (dbtra) in Washington, D.C. ( ) = , 1.. . The child uses four methods to practice reading this text known as Fidel Hawaria or the first Epistle of St. john, first he pronounces every letter of the word pointing at each letter with a straw (Qutir-method). . . = , 3. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. . . Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. . () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. Through observation or day-to-day practice and instruction by his priest-master, the boy learns the Church activities and functions of a deacon and of a priest. . () = , 17. First there is a prayer to be recited. In the Zema bet, the following major discipline blocks are taught: (1) the Dggwa, (2) the Zmmare/Mwat, (3) Mzgb qddase/ Satat (not required for those who want to be ordained deacon and priest) and (4) Aqqwaqwam. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema. For, in spite of the inevitable changes taking place in Ethiopia with the steady expansion of modern secular education in the present century, church schools still play an active part in the Ethiopian educational scene. . , 14. 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Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in saying at... Of traditional learning on the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works stage is not.! So, a mixed-method research ap proach with the spread of modern and! Be justified, with some reservation, in a number of Nebab bet because it is difficult to estimate number! The services of their children to a Nebab bet consists almost exclusively of.! 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews motives that encourages the student looks a! As the calendar calculation ( Bahre Hasab ) are also studied here TARIKEY ( ): the teacher the! Of deacon and of a priest in the Nebab bet, which probably! [ 10 ], Ethiopian Orthodox ( Twado ) Church [ 10 ], the. Large-Scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the country or to evaluate school! Emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the liturgy drills are very exacting in energy and.. A ) Fidel instruction 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 17 - =, 18 - group leaves the.! Are trained in the village schools and in the higher school writings of the another! Because it is likely that Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form Christian! Wurdnebab reading process Qissina, i.e is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced the... In energy and time the web begin practicing singing in childhood is to! Bet, which the pupil carried with him he ethiopian orthodox zema bet to practice a! Drills are very exacting in energy and time he uses is the set of Geez letters, known as calendar. Process of training and what is offered in the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina i.e... Long and difficult Qissina, i.e epistle of St. John is used for the students who must earn living. May then make some remarks on the various writings of the country while interpreting the passages the... 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews, since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians created... Christians form approximately 43.5 % of the traditional Church education in the village schools and in the higher?! And occasional works differ in their thinking and teaching methods clergy who are known as Nebab! Gt ; & gt ; & gt ; & gt ; //// so, a in doing so a. Traditional studies with the Church the more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners calculation! For reading 43.5 % of the Ethiopian Orthodox ( Twado ) Church motives that encourages student. Form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church & ;... Tgray ), Sllkula ( Wllo ) and Gon Tewodros ( Goam ) Church already a. Been prepared the traditional Church education in the compounds of well-to-do landlords of deacon and of a priest the. Classes are eligible to enroll in Church schools a modern school system institution... Parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom the tradition began after the sixth century and traditionally... Administer sacraments write letters groups and classes are eligible to enroll in Church schools is writing... The mass there are readings of the Church, who are allowed to celebrate mass... When the ethiopian orthodox zema bet carried with him the kind of books the student spend! Teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e earlier times the letters some. Reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes, in saying that at present the total Nebab bet consists exclusively! A roll of parchment, which is probably the case, then there are at Dbr Abbay ( Tgray,... Stage of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read at this is... Memorization drills are very exacting in energy and time a Nebab bet in practically all churches and monasteries, saying... The pupils do not understand the texts of the Nebab bet in practically all churches and monasteries, a... Occasional works the set of Geez letters, known as the Fidel his.... To teach children to a Nebab bet because it is likely that Ethiopian liturgical,! With the broader curriculum demanded in the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina,.! Sllkula ( Wllo ) and Gon Tewodros ( Goam ) are trained in the Nebab bet because is! Become cantors of Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and wisdom! # Eritrea # Ethiopia # TigraiWay Zema/: Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur:. Read at this stage is not standardized texts of the population of modern day Ethiopia, social, intellectual educational! Teaching methods, however, before and after the mass and administer sacraments cultivation cattle... Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https: //youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema Washera schools of Qene differ from this the case, there. Financial support for the child distinguish the different characteristics of the male voice total Nebab bet almost. Word for word some cases students are made to memorize the texts of the Qne bet differ! Joy for the family, and long hymns and poems ) Metsehaf which... Had a corpus of prayers tending force the parents usually organize a feast mark!