Some of that is smuggled, where it is possibly used for money laundering or financing illicit activities. The British annexation of the Protectorate interfered with the sovereignty of indigenous chiefs. Female. The Crown did not supply enough basic supplies and provisions and the Settlers were continually threatened by illegal slave trading and the risk of re-enslavement. There are two mountain ranges in this province, and it is one of two provinces without any coastline. Sandbars, generally separated by silting lagoons, sometimes form the actual coast. [176] Most of Sierra Leone's ethnic groups are Muslim majority, including the country's two largest ethnic groups: the Mende and Temne. The two biggest and most successful football clubs are East End Lions and Mighty Blackpool. Koidu Town is home to two of the ten most rough and largest diamonds in the world and was found in the Woyie River which flows through the city. After the execution of Bangura, a group of soldiers loyal to the executed general held a mutiny in Freetown and other parts of the country in opposition to Stevens' government. Having had no formal emergency medical services previously, the First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone (FRCSL) was formed in June 2019 in Makeni to facilitate the development of emergency first responder programs nationwide. The demonstration was quickly put down by the army and Stevens' own personal Special Security Division (SSD), a heavily armed paramilitary force he had created to protect him and maintain his hold on power. This would imply that the identity of the person who named Sierra Leone is unknown. The Sierra Leonean Government is constitutionally forbidden from establishing a state religion, though Muslim and Christian prayers are usually held in the country at the beginning of major political occasions, including presidential inaugurations and the official opening of the new session of Parliament. The current system of the Government of Sierra Leone is based on the 1991 Sierra Leone Constitution. Print. The 1978 constitution made the APC the only legal political party in Sierra Leone. The CIA estimated that the average life expectancy in Sierra Leone was 57.39 years. Originally named Serra Leoa (Portuguese for 'lioness mountains') by Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra in 1462, the modern name is derived from the Italian spelling, which was introduced by Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto and subsequently copied by other European mapmakers. Sierra Leone is officially a secular state. These Police Commissioners report directly to the Inspector General of Police at the Sierra Leone Police headquarters in Freetown. [226], In the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted by UNICEF in 2012, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone was 94%. The Sherbro are primarily fisherman and farmers, and they are predominantly found in Bonthe District. Since the end of hostilities in January 2002, massive infusions of outside assistance have helped Sierra Leone begin to recover.[147]. Statistics Sierra Leone in its report said the country started recording its population in 1963, then numbering two million one hundred and eighty thousand, three hundred and fifty-five (2,180,355). In the map below, youll be able to see the borders of all 16 districts in Sierra Leone. [209] In numbers, females present a lower per cent (6.3) versus males (15.2) when it comes to be paid employees. On 19 April 1971, when Sierra Leone became a republic, the Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces were renamed the Republic of Sierra Leone Military Force (RSLMF). Both genders experienced and were involved in high levels of violence. Educated Krios held numerous positions in the colonial government, giving them status and well-paying positions. Makeni is also the fourth largest city in the country. [228], One of the consequences women in Sierra Leone face after a prolonged and obstructed labour that would have required a c-section is obstetric fistula. The Fula are primarily traders, and many live in middle-class homes. 49,839; Regent Urban Area: pop. Since 1985, the nation did not conduct any census for 19 years. The current speaker of the Sierra Leone parliament is Abass Bundu, who was elected by members of parliament on 21 January 2014. [160] This overarching goal has been broken down into smaller goals as well. [156], As of 2012, Sierra Leone has 3 main hydroelectric plants. The district capital is the town of Port Loko and its . Sierra Leone has diplomatic relations that include China, Russia,[118] Libya, Iran, and Cuba. The figure for Freetown is for the Western Urban Area (Greater Freetown). They seized control of the government, arresting Lansana, and suspending the constitution. [84] He cancelled Juxon-Smith's construction of a church and mosque on the grounds of Victoria Park (now known as Freetown Amusement Park since 2017). Makeni is the administrative and economic center of the region. [1][2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. Makeni is also governed by a directly elected city council that is headed by the Mayor. While the broader community included some women, the Black Poor seems to have exclusively consisted of men, some of whom developed relationships with local women and often married them. [82], Stevens had Bangura arrested in 1970 and charged with conspiracy and treason. She used diplomacy to communicate with many local chiefs who did not trust her friendship with the British. [40], Many in London thought that moving them to Sierra Leone would lift them out of poverty. 14 are rural, with the capital Freetown divided into 2 districts. The airport has paved runways longer than 3,047 metres (9,997 feet). Sipsma, Heather L., et al. Accordingly, they began to consider Sir Albert a threat to the ruling houses across the country. (2003), Book review: "The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone by Daniel J. Paracka Jr. New York: Routledge". The group set up the National Reformation Council (NRC), with Andrew Juxon-Smith as its chairman and Head of State of the country. In Kono District, a rural eastern region of 500,00 people, famous for its diamond mines and as the epicenter of Sierra Leone's decade-long civil war, PIH is investing in every level of the health system. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. The service began broadcasting television in 1963, with coverage extended to all the districts in the country in 1978. The country had its first general elections as an independent nation on 27 May 1961. The country has a population of 7,092,113 as of the 2015 census. The Crown subdued the revolt by bringing in forces of more than 500Jamaican Maroons, whom they transported from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) via Nova Scotia in 1800. For more than a century, it was the only European-style university in western Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sierra Leone Civil War resulted in the destruction of 1,270 primary schools, and in 2001, 67% of all school-age children were out of school. Sheikh Muhammad Taha Jalloh is the president of the Sierra Leone Supreme Islamic Council. There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. The most populous district, by far, is the Western Urban District. The first of the 6,000-member force began arriving in December, and the UN Security Council voted in February 2000 to increase the force to 11,000, and later to 13,000. Current ratio of men and women in absolute and relative values in Bo District, Sierra Leone. In 2008, CDC began supporting Sierra Leone's HIV response through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Clarkson initially banned the survivors of Granville Town from joining the new settlement, blaming them for the demise of Granville Town. The town lies about 30 miles . The Western Area Urban District, including Freetown, the capital and largest city, has a population density of 1,224 persons per square km. The country can be divided into four distinct physical regions: the coastal swamp, the Sierra Leone Peninsula, the interior plains, and the interior plateau and mountain region. The Mende predominate in South-Eastern Sierra Leone (with the exception of Kono District). Sierra Leone's two most dominant parties, the APC and the SLPP, collectively won every elected seat in Parliament in the 2012 Sierra Leone parliamentary election. The discussions eventually concluded with key stakeholders, including Bio's administration and the UN, agreeing that while efforts in finding a peaceful solution to ending the war should continue, a general election should be held as soon as possible. Many Ahmadiyya Muslims in Sierra Leone also follow the Maliki Jurisprudence. [222] Between June and July 2019, the FRCSL trained 1,000 community members from Makeni to be first responders and equipped each trainee with a first aid kit. [217], Medical care is not readily accessible, with doctors and hospitals out of reach for many villagers. The reasons for the significant differences between the 2015 and 2021 figures are unclear. [240][241] In early August 2014 Guinea closed its borders to Sierra Leone to help contain the spreading of the virus, which originated in Guinea, as more new cases of the disease were being reported in Sierra Leone than in Guinea. When the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was abolished in 1806, the freed slaves from Britain and the Americas were repatriated to the capital which was named Freetown. The executive branch of the Government of Sierra Leone, headed by the president of Sierra Leone has extensive powers and influences. Bai Sherbro was captured and with Bai Bureh, exiled to the Gold Coast (modern Ghana). [22][23], About 18 ethnic groups inhabit Sierra Leone; the two largest and most influential ones are the Temne and Mende peoples. The central African countries are the most prevalent of EVD; like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, and Gabon[239], In 2014 there was an outbreak of the Ebola virus in West Africa. In seeing the shape of mountains like a Lion and amidst the thunderstorm he named the mountains Sierra Lyoa (meaning Lion Mountains in Portuguese) Later, the name Sierra Leone was derived from the Portuguese term Sierra Lyoa. [257] In 2007 there were 15 daily newspapers in the country, as well as those published weekly. [114], Since independence in 1961, Sierra Leone's politics has been dominated by two major political parties: the SLPP and the APC. There are a few internationally linked automated teller machines that accept Visa cards in Freetown operated by ProCredit Bank. [121] Sierra Leone is a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). town in the district of the same name and was the colonial rulers . [32], European contacts within Sierra Leone were among the first in West Africa during the 15th century. Margai employed a brokerage style of politics, by sharing political power among political parties and interest groups; especially the involvement of powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, most of whom were key allies of his government. Area: 77.1 mile - 124.1 km radius. This left them traumatised, with an estimated 400,000 people (by 2009) being mentally ill. Thousands of former child soldiers have fallen into substance abuse as they try to blunt their memories. He was found guilty and sentenced to death, despite the fact that it was Bangura whose actions led to Stevens return to power. They did not maintain relationships even with longstanding allies, such as Bai Bureh, who was later unfairly portrayed as a prime instigator of the Hut Tax War.[65]. In 1799 some of the settlers revolted. Sierra Leone is home to Sub-Saharan Africa's first Western-style university: Fourah Bay College (established in 1827). In October 1999, the United Nations agreed to send peacekeepers to help restore order and disarm the rebels. East End Lions and Mighty Blackpool have an intense rivalry and when they play each other the national stadium in Freetown is often sold out and supporters of both clubs often clash with each other before and after the game. By 2004, the disarmament process was complete. Some of those executed include Colonel Kahota Dumbuya, Major Yayah Kanu and Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura. The climate is tropical, with two seasons determining the agricultural cycle: the rainy season from May to November, and a dry season from December to May, which includes harmattan, when cool, dry winds blow in off the Sahara Desert and the night-time temperature can be as low as 16C (60.8F). [103] As a result of migration to cities, the population is becoming more urban with an estimated rate of urbanisation growth of 2.9% a year. The Operation was successful with Indian and British Special Forces being the main contingents. [71] The new constitution ensured Sierra Leone had a parliamentary system within the Commonwealth of Nations. In October 2000, a UN-approved certification system for exporting diamonds from the country was put in place and led to a dramatic increase in legal exports. The SLPP, which was then the most popular political party in the colony of Sierra Leone as well as being supported by the powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, won the most seats in Parliament and Margai was re-elected as Chief Minister by a landslide. [17], The geographic area has been inhabited for millennia, but Sierra Leone, as the country and its borders are known today, was founded by the British Crown in two phases: first, the coastal Sierra Leone Colony in 1808 (for returning Africans after the abolition of slavery); second, the inland Protectorate in 1896 (as the Crown needed to establish more dominion inland following the outcome of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885). This ended its 16years of running the Colony. In Freetown, the Guma Valley Water Company remains in charge of the water supply. The standard of print journalism tends to be low owing to lack of training, and people trust the information published in newspapers less than that found on the radio.[257]. The Lumley-Aberdeen beach stretches all the way from Cape Sierra Leone down to Lumley. [160] This initiative falls under the Energy Africa access campaign which seeks to provide electricity to 14 different African countries by 2030. Taylor's aim was for the RUF to attack the bases of Nigerian dominated peacekeeping troops in Sierra Leone who were opposed to his rebel movement in Liberia. Sierra Leone appears on the EU list of prohibited countries with regard to the certification of airlines. The British began to take interest in Sierra Leone and in 1672 the Royal African Company established trading forts on the Islands of Bunce and York. [149], Agriculture is the largest employer with 80 per cent of the population working in the sector. [39] The 64 remaining colonists established a second Granville Town.[46][47]. In April 1971, a new republican constitution was adopted under which Stevens became president. With the lack of new faces in the new APC cabinet under president Momoh and the return of many of the old faces from Stevens' government, criticisms soon arose that Momoh was simply perpetuating the rule of Stevens. Like the neighbouring Temne, the Loko are Muslim majority. It is a flat, low-lying, and frequently flooded plain that is between 5 and 25 miles (8 and 40 km) wide and is composed mainly of sands and clays. It is the fifth-largest city in Sierra Leone, and the Tenme people make up the largest ethnic group in the city. Antagonism between the two entities escalated to a heated debate in 1947, when proposals were introduced to provide for a single political system for both the Colony and the Protectorate. Slave owner Edward Long criticized marriage between black men and white women. Bai Sherbro was a chief and warrior on Bonthe Island, in the southwestern part of the country. The Dominion of Sierra Leone retained a parliamentary system of government and was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. Rising above the plateau are a number of mountain masses; in the northeast, the Loma Mountains are crowned by Mount Loma Mansa (Mount Bintimani) at 6,391 feet (1,948 metres), and the Tingi Mountains rise to 6,080 feet (1,853 metres) at Sankanbiriwa Peak. In March 1976, Stevens was elected without opposition for a second five-year term as president. [163] In the past this project received its funding of over $200 million from a combination of the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and the Italian company Salini Impregilo. [226] For every 100 liveborn children, one mother dies due to complications of giving birth. The Krios are virtually all Christians at about 99%. The most widely spoken language among different ethnic groups in the city is Krio. In 1562, the English initiated the Triangular Trade when admiral Sir John Hawkins of the Royal Navy transported 300 enslaved Africans acquired "by the sword and partly by other means" to the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea area of the West Indies islands, where he sold them. Since then, there has been a smooth succession to the presidency all via elections. At the end of the 19th century, the industry went into decline, and when radio was introduced in the 1930s, it became the primary communication media in the country. Like Stevens, Momoh was also a member of the minority Limba ethnic group. The current Inspector General of Police is Brima Acha Kamara, who was appointed to the position by former president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. [29] Over time, the climate changed considerably, altering boundaries between different ecological zones, affecting migration and conquest. and James A. Robinson. Waterloo is the second largest city in the Western Area region of Sierra Leone, after Freetown. Like the Fula, the Mandinka are virtually all Muslims at over 99. Sierra Leone is a secular nation with the constitution providing for the separation of state and religion and freedom of conscience (which includes freedom of thoughts and religion). After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). Pro-slavery advocates accused the Black Poor of being responsible for a large proportion of crime in 18th century London. The centre of the country is a region of lowland plains, containing forests, bush and farmland,[102] that occupies about 43% of Sierra Leone's land area. Ahmadiyya Muslims make up about 10% of the country's Muslim population. They designated chiefs as units of local government, rather than dealing with them individually as had been the previous practice. The Susu and Yalunka kingdom was established in the early fifth seventh century[clarification needed] before the Mali empire, which was extended from Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry to the northern part of Sierra Leone. The Sierra Leone Islamic Supreme Council is the highest Islamic religious organisation in Sierra Leone and is made up of the country's Imams, Islamic scholars, and other Islamic clerics across the country. The Kamajors, a group of traditional fighters mostly from the Mende ethnic group under the command of deputy Defence Minister Samuel Hinga Norman, remained loyal to President Kabbah and defended the Southern part of Sierra Leone from the soldiers. Outside the capital Freetown and other major cities, television is not watched by a great many people, although Bo, Kenema and Makeni are served by their own relays of the main SLBC service. Two other commercial TV operators (ABC and AIT) closed after they were not profitable. The city is governed by an elected city council and is headed by a Mayor. In 1808, Sierra Leone became a British crown colony, ruled under a colonial governor. By January 2002, the war was declared over. Makeni is home to the largest private university in Sierra Leone; University of Makeni and St. Francis Secondary School which is one of Sierra Leone's most prominent schools. Kenema is also governed by an elected city council and headed by a Mayor. [20] Much trust was placed upon him as he championed multi-party politics. [1] [2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. [209] Females can take over the household head if they become widowed or divorced. The situation is particularly serious as fishing provides the only source of income for many communities in a country still recovering from over a decade of civil war.[112]. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. [159] Amongst all these projects, both finished and potential, the Bumbuna dam still remains the largest of the hydroelectric projects in Sierra Leone. Western Area Rural: Waterloo - Hastings Urban Area: pop. Bambay Kamara was also a strong Momoh loyalist and supporter. The president is the most powerful government official in Sierra Leone.[114]. They reinstated the constitution and returned power to Stevens, who at last assumed the office of Prime Minister. Population HUB - this is an accessible statistics of the population of the country, city and any other region. Setting: Twenty-seven peripheral health units, five secondary hospitals and one tertiary hospital, Western Area District, Sierra Leone.Objectives: To describe reporting systems, monthly attendances and facility-based patterns of six non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the pre-Ebola and Ebola virus disease outbreak periods.Design: A cross-sectional study using programme data. He was reinstated after nine months through military intervention by ECOMOG. The largest city is Freetown with a population of 836 574. The armed forces were formed after independence in 1961, based on elements of the former British Royal West African Frontier Force present in the country. In 1995 Defence Headquarters was established, and the Sierra Leone Air Wing formed. Current ratio of men and women in absolute and relative values in Koinadugu District, Sierra Leone. For example, some of the Liberated Africans were forced to change their name to a more Western sounding one. Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. Many Liberated Africans were treated poorly and even abused because some of the original settlers considered them their property. Several Junior army officers led by Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura were identified as being behind the coup plot. Children, youth and adult are frequently seen playing street football across Sierra Leone. 50%. [86] SSD officers were loyal to Stevens and were deployed across the country to clamp down on any rebellion or protest against Stevens' government. [41] The Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme was proposed by entomologist Henry Smeathman and drew interest from humanitarians like Granville Sharp, who saw it as a means of showing the pro-slavery lobby that black people could contribute towards the running of the new colony of Sierra Leone. [68] A notable event in 1935 was the granting of a monopoly on mineral mining to the Sierra Leone Selection Trust, run by De Beers. Until the passage of the Slave Trade Act 1807, the island was operated by the London-based firm Grant, Oswald & Company, who occupied it in 1748.[37]. The coastal swamp region extends along the . 2004 saw a population of four million, nine hundred and seventy-six thousand eight hundred and seventy-one (4,976,871) and in the 2015 census Sierra Leone recorded a total population of seven million and ninety-two thousand, one hundred and thirteen (7,092,113), the last census before the latest mid-term population and housing census which indicated a total of eight hundred and forty-three thousand two hundred and fifty-four (843,254) residential buildings, whilst for non-residential a total of seven thousand five hundred and three ( 7,503). Its capital and largest town is Bendugu. Sierra Leone has the largest natural harbour on the African continent, allowing international shipping through the Queen Elizabeth II Quay in the Cline Town area of eastern Freetown or through Government Wharf in central Freetown. Eventually, "Elections before Peace" won the debate. Sir Albert resorted to increasingly authoritarian actions in response to protests and enacted several laws against the opposition All People's Congress, whilst attempting to establish a one-party state. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. [159] There is also potential for several new hydroelectric plants to be opened on the Sewa River, Pampana River, Seli River, Moa River, and Little Scarcies. Upon arrival in Sierra Leone, each recaptive was given a registration number, and information on their physical qualities would be entered into the Register of Liberated Africans. [150] Rice is the most important staple crop in Sierra Leone with 85 per cent of farmers cultivating rice during the rainy season[151] and an annual consumption of 76kg per person.[152]. In addition to information about the provinces of Sierra Leone, well also look at how many districts are in Sierra Leone and data relating to each. The city is the main economic center of the province. Country on the southwest coast of West Africa, Independence (1961) and Margai Administration (19611964), After the death of Milton Margai and Albert Margai's tenure (19641967), 1967 General Election and military coups (19671968), One-party state and dawn of the 'Republic' (19681991), Sierra Leone Civil War (19912002) and the NPRC regime (19921996), Kabbah's tenure: government, "dawn of a new republic", the AFRC and end of the Civil War (19962007), 2007 General Election and the re-emergence of APC, Struggle with the Ebola epidemic (20142016), OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM (May 12, 2021). 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