Bhiima immediately followed the advice of Krishna and told Drona that Ashwathama was killed. Krishna and Arjuna in The Bhagavad Gita are two of the most important figures in the text. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Is there any choice of aatma to take particular wished body? The intelligence of Ishvara can be seen in the harmony of the universe, when we see the vast cosmos with stars, planets, the sun and so on.Our Puraanic literature describes several avataaras in great detail, but these are only a subset of the countless avataaras that take place over time. You can also read it online at: If you have already studied the Gita then please study it again. Such people have taken a key step toward breaking the cycle of reincarnation. In Geetas first chapter, we are at the level of selfish action, where we see gain and loss in everything we do.As we move into the second and third chapters, we are introduced to the concept of desire-less action. Each part is different based on our own svadharma. Krishna also told Arjun that he was troubled by the idea of killing his kin because it was against his desires. It does not store any personal data. Krishnaji is not restricted by these limitations.Here Krishnaji reveals himself as the Ishvara, the God. The Kauravas were on the side of Adharma and had broken rules and laws and hence Arjun would have to do his Karma to uphold Dharma. Krishnaji tells Arjuna that ancient rishis knew the meaning of I, as actions carried out selflessly to the eternal essence & did not need to retire to a forest to find it.They performed their normal duties as a karma yogi.We can achieve self-realization throughperformance of action, & not have to renounce everything. The Top Hedge Fund Manager, Living Authentically: How to Be True to Yourself, Samskaras: Meaning in the Yogic Philosophy, Difference Between Legislative & Executive Branches, Why all spirituality is good and there is no single path to God, The 3 reasons that can explain every action people take. He told Arjun that this was a righteous war; a war of Dharma. The Kauravas were on the side of Adharma and had broken rules and laws and hence Arjun would have to . Shri Krishna has mentioned 4 classes in Gita, so that we could perform our duties, or svadharma effectively. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Because krishna knows that arjuna is a kshatriya or warrior and has to fight to get back his kingdom to do his occupational duty of administrator or king to rule the kingdom or people. As long as you are chanting at least 16 rounds of the Hare Krishna mantra every day that is all right. He casts down his weapons and tells . Could u kindly clarify the following: It is a truly wonderful book and every time you read your realization and knowledge deepens and you see completely new aspects to the book that you did not appreciate before. It is very nice to hear from you and about your preaching activities there. There is the example of Jada Bharata in the Srimad-Bhagavatam. Arjuna wanted to fight not merely from passion, but rather to restore constitution government and justice in the world. So Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead appeared on this earth by His own desire. If he did then how could Sanjay was able to see all the things? I hope someone makes Hare Krishna Food , Cafes with the very good hare krishna dishes. Some people can directly access Srila Prabhupada by reading his books, anyone can actually, but for some reason they refuse to and get so confused. God can do anything He wants to do. Hes of the kshatriya caste, a warrior and a leader, and therefore its his duty to fight in this battle. Krishna also established an alliance of Yadavas with the Pandavas, a faction of Kurus, who were fighting against the established Kuru Kingdom. For How long ? Is it possible to learn before birth? So no ordinary boy can hold up a mountain like this and use it as an umbrella. Why Krishna had to preach Bhagavad Gita to clear the confusion of Arjuna? He told Arjun that this was a righteous war; a war of Dharma. It is only a sign of our immaturity in Krishna consciousness. He tells Krishna that he doesnt want to fight against his own family, and that his family fighting within itself will lead to chaos in the kingdom. It has been quoted by writers, poets, scientists, theologians, and philosophers - among others - for centuries and is often the introductory text to Hinduism for a Western audience. Dogs can only think about eating, sleeping, mating and defending. He told Arjun that this was a righteous war; a war of Dharma. I agree with Srila Prabhupada on every point. It talks about performing ones prescribed duty, the most important way of rendering the devotional service to God, without worrying about success or failure. The Bhagavad Gita is set in a narrative framework of a dialogue between Pandava prince Arjuna and his guide and charioteer Krishna. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Because the way Bhagavad-gita is the more we read it the deeper our understanding of it becomes. The more you read the Bhagavad Gita the more interesting it becomes and the more you will make spiritual advancement. Bhagavad-gita is a chapter in his Mahabharata, it is the history of greater India. Swami replied: There was no need of preaching the Gita to Dharmaraja because he was well aware of all the scriptures and became ready to fight the war. Arjuna was gifted with concentration abilities (e.g. my question is related to the topic The History Of Bhagavad Geeta, 2 days back i had discussion with one of our villager, he is of 60 year old. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita: 2 Vol Slipcase at Amazon.nl. He has the power to see what is happening on the battlefield of Kuruksettra within his heart. Thank you so much for send such valuable newsletters. If we want to enjoy our life in office then boss may snatch the service and if we concentrate to work then we may get promotion with the time , place and others for enjoying . I do not know the exact date but you could do some research and find out when Mahabharata was first written down I expect. The more recent it is the less reliable it is. I read your mails very happily and seriously as well beacuse they are so helpfull. How much does it cost to build a house 450 sq ft? So everyone there assembled on the battlefield on both sides heard the Bhagavad-gita. Probably makes everyone suffer, only to cause more resentments. He has learnt how to control his mind, but I have not. We will fall into one of these fourcategories-. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". I want to make a Movie of it, to bring Peace to the world, and to promote Krishna. Which is the subject of entire Bhagavad Gita? My best greetings to everyone, I enjoy reading the Gita, I have nothing to say to enlighten anyone, except Krishna is God, and I love him. One way is meditation, another is by distancing yourself from the situation - not physically but mentally - where you look at it as an outsider and have a bird's eye view of it. Why critizie mayawadis, helped a lot to understand the real situation. Chant all 700 Bhagavad-gita slokas and see how long it takes. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Otherwise it is a waste of time. Then you will have the best association. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. So sir, could you please tell me if it is fine to read BG fast. ), So youre saying god wanted its people to fight and kill each other for land??? This is the real initiation. 2 What is he telling Arjuna to do in the Bhagavad Gita? Krishna gives words of wisdom to Arjuna. Madhudvisa Prabhu, Please accept my humble obeisances. Thankyou Arjuna asked Krishnaji of how he could have imparted the knowledge to the sun, when the sun has been there much longer than him?Krishnaji replies, that both Arjuna & he have taken many births in the past, but us mortals, forget our prior births & Krishnaji doesnt.Normally, human beings have such strong identification with their body that it restricts their ability to remember what occurred in another body. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Click to see full answer. Arjuna says that it would be better to lay down his weapons and let the Kauravas kill him. In the four-armed form, Shree Krishna appeared before Arjun on another occasion as well. It is not a very long conversation because as you know it took place just before the battle started while both armies were assembled there. Thank you for your reply. No wonder no one chants ,around here, anyway, or anywhere. Why did Arjuna choose Krishna as his guru? I look forward to more reading. Was he present there to write it down? What to do with all the gifts after a breakup? . What is the difference between an Australian citizen and an Australian permanent resident? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. It is like the siddhis that yogis can achieve. Recently I got to know that all ISKCON doesnt follow his way of Krishna Conciousness. And he is not going to listen to you even if you bother to try and give him the real knowledge. So if you are serious you will read Srila Prabhupadas books and follow the instructions Srila Prabhupada gives you as you read his books. Yes. Also you can read Prabhupadas original books online at http://www.PrabhupadaBooks.com, Hare Krishna Prabhu Madhudvisa Dasa I appreciated very much your explanation about Iskcon false gurus: a pure scandal endeed! 1 Why did Krishna reveal himself to Arjuna? He could have been quite clear about certain concepts like Swa-Dharma, Paap-Punya, Varnashram. So it is not for a very long time. This conditioning goes deep inside our psyche and causes us to run after a better job, more money, a bigger house and so on.If one follows svadharma sincerely, wealth will come naturally as a result. Arjuna is bewildered and appears to be in illusion but we understand this is also Krishnas arrangement. Arjuna continued to reason to Lord Krishna with his arguments as he was overwhelmed with compassion for his gurus and grandfather, Bhishma, who he considers as worthy of his worship. After reading Bhagavad Gita as far as i can understand ones duty is to serve Krishna with devotion.To do that one need to know about the will of Krishna.For the present moment i dont have a direct relationship with Krishna and hence i dont know His will.Even if i am reading Srila Prabhupadas purports he is not physically present to guide me how to do things practically.Even though the Spiritual Master is eternal because he lives through his teachings i need someone who will confirm what i have learned from those teachings.Lord Krishna is also saying one has to approach someone who has seen the truth and enquire with a humble and submissive attitude.That is why i need a Spiritual Master who will guide me and tell me about the will of Krishna.So my question is apart from praying to Krishna what should i do to get a Spiritual Master,how will i recognize him in my conditioned state of existence. Dont you think God has other issues to solve rather than some silly people fighting over landand get involved in other familys business. Because we want to practice devotional service to Krishna and the human form of life is really the only practical way to do that. Likewise just because someone has picked a fight with you, don't write them off for good the event isn't the person. We only have Prabhupadas original books there. His selfless attempt to rescue Drona from the lake illustrates his courage, strength, loyalty and humility in that there is no mention of him boasting of the event afterwards. In Bhagavad Gita Chapter 11 Verse 32, the Giver of the knowledge of Gita has said that - O Arjun! How did Sri Krishna and Arjuna find out about Abhimanyus death? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". If that is true, 1.1 would have a slightly different context. He should have realized the eternal essence himself. Hare Krsna Prabhuji In Bhagavad Gita, It has been said by Lord Krsna, no living entity shall be killed as there exists a soul in every living entity. The Bhagavad Gita, or The Gita as it is popularly known, is part of the epic Mahabharata. Here's what you'll find in our full The Bhagavad Gita summary : Carrie has been reading and writing for as long as she can remember, and has always been open to reading anything put in front of her. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. No there is no contradiction. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Is there some contradiction? Arjuna also had the courage to express any doubts without fear of reprimand, and in doing so, get a clear understanding of the teaching. Of human or an animal? In the Bhagavad-Gita, Arjuna addresses Krishna as "Madhava," which means "Master . David in Surf City. The mind has to be always engaged in serving Krishna or planning how to serve Krishna. do u agree? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. He appears before His mother Devaki as Narayana grown up and complete with beautiful clothing and ornaments with the six kinds of opulences in full.Firstly You mentioned Two hands and at the same time you mention narayan form which has four hands. Much love and many thanks to you for your work. It is confidential knowledge that is only revealed to the devotees of Krishna. She can read it fast and then she will read it again also. I do not have any different opinion to Srila Prabhupada. So it is totally impossible for me to explain these things satisfactorily in a few paragraphs here. This article is an excerpt from the Shortform book guide to "The Bhagavad Gita" by Eknath Easwaran. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Hare Krsna Prabhu, Theres an incorrect notion that varna is determined by birth.Bhagavad Gita offered a scientific manner of selecting a career that is suitable for oneself both from a practical perspective, and also from a karma yoga perspective.We all play different parts in a cosmic play. Here, we slowly give up attachment to theresult of our actionby dedicating it to ahigher ideal. You can have a personal realtionship with him by reading his books. I have written it a long time ago and it has still not appeared on this site. The war was not Krishna's call of destiny. I think that as I read, we are working in the material world , it is our office. Vedavyasa wrote down all the Vedic literatures which were current at the time. This is very dishonest and has created such a disaster. Lord Krishna clarifies Arjuna that this human body has come to do ones duty. Narayana is an expansion of Krishna. How do you memorize flats and sharps on piano? Krishna is only there to support him. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". People make up our lives and it's difficult not to get influenced by them or by our equations with them. Eighteenth chapter of Shrimad Bhagwat Geeta. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Bhagavad Gita, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Cook very nice offerings and offer them to Srila Prabhupada and Krishna and give some Krishna prasadam to this old man. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. I request you to reply to my comment on the numbers of verses in the Bhagavad Gita. What is the verse number of essence of Bhagavad Gita? Because, throughout the battle, Krishna was with Arjuna. Prabhu, I have some doubts. Sign up for a free trial here . This is my expierience, and I enjoy being with Krishna, I hope to be able to see him, and laugh with him, expierience being with him, and I really Love Radha , she is most particularly beautiful to me. 5 What did Krishna emphasise on two terms? But constant seeking of happiness from external objects makes us slavishly dependent upon the world, making us restless. Srila Prabhupada estimates in his purport that this was at least 120 million years ago and that the Gita has existed in human society for two million years. Arjuna previously argued that if he and Krishna were to fight the Battle of Kurukshetra, they would be destroying dharma and incurring sin. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. It is a material art. So we can not let our mind be idle. So this is not the way an ordinary child is born. Jai Prabhupada. Veerabhadra. The Gita is a powerful message because even Arjuna, a failure candidate was fully convinced and fought the war . Did Lord Krishna stop time while speaking Bhagwad Geeta? The Bhagavad Gita was spoken by Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, to His friend Arjuna on the battlefield of Kuruksettra around five thousand years ago. Shri Krishna needs to communicate Geeta to the right person so that the message is properly understood. It was at that point that he surrendered with humility to Krishna as his guru and sought his guidance. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Kauravas were on the side of Adharma and had broken rules and laws and hence Arjun would have to do . So, when Arjuna was caught in confusion on seeing his kith and kins in the battle field, Krishna had to preach Bhagavad Gita to clear the confusions of Arjuna. So what were Krishna and Arjuna doing on the battlefield of Kuruksettra and how did this conversation between them that has now become the Gita take place? Lord Krishna did everythng to make ppl consious and to make them realise their mistakes he did steal makhan and all bt it was only for his neighbours to understand that hey shud not he selfish, his neighbours would give all themakhan to the king in the form of tax and not even a spoonful to their children and Lord Krishna used to steal it eat it with these children and take the blame on himself. You have to become a devotee of Krishna and you have to at least theoretically accept that Krishna is the Supreme Personality of Godhead and hear the Bhagavad-gita in a submissive spirit from beginning to end including the purports [explainations] by Srila Prabhupada. So it appears you are correct and there are 700 verses in the Gita I apologize for that mistake. 2) As per Vishnu Purana Lord Vishnu Even so many of Srila Prabhupadas disciples did not actually surrender to Srila Prabhupada. English is the language he wrote it in and English language is the only original. Hare Krishna! Humans mind is always racing with thoughts and anxieties about the future.Shri Krishna gives us many ways of attaining self-knowledge, depending on the maturity of the individual. This science we have not yet discovered. Shree Krishna expounds on karm yog or the yog of action in this chapter. When did Krishna told Geeta to Arjun? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. . He wonders if he should renounce and seeks . You can not understand Bhagavad-gita like this. That is how the famous image of Bhagavad-gita came about. Knowing that, Krishna asks rhetorically, how can Arjuna kill or be killed by them? That is why he wrote them. Many Thanks Again! Forgive me if i have committed a mistake. Let her read it fast. A shudra who likes to execute tasks but requires direction & motivation will have prominence of tamas. It did not take very long for Krishna to speak Bhagavad-gita to Arjuna. Your all mails are more valuable and waiting for your mails. I am reading the Bhagavad Gita for the first time and am up to chapter 13. In Arjunas case he was speaking with Krishna directly, but for us Krishna advises that we approach Him through His bona fide spiritual master. This is a secret Sastra and should be learned only from an Acharya . His logic was that even if they were successful and ended up victorious in the fight practically all his friends and family members would be killed in the battle. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. He was telling about BASAVA DHARMA, i said actually we all belong to SANATAN DHARMA then he said where is the freedom for womens in that Dharma and also said what is tht for 5 PANDAVAS only one wife,IS it a good thing and how that can be possible , so MAHABHARAT is a false story.He also said in ISKCON societys they mentain both dissbelives and also do few things scientifically to attract the people. But he had many sons and he wanted one of his sons to become the next King. Krishna is identified as God. I am inclined to feel that many devotees I have met do not follow Srila Prabupada fully because they dont think his instructions are current or achievable. I do not have any stand. The Bhagavad Gita opens, dramatically, on a battlefield, as the warrior Arjuna turns in anguish to his spiritual guide, Sri Krishna, for answers to the fundamental questions of life. Acharya is required for pushing on the preaching of Krishna consciousness. Dharmaraja was an intellectual and Bhiima was dull due to emotion. So Sanjaya had this power of television within his heart. If Krishna wins the war and offers him the kingdom,Arjun will get ill fame. It is not like an ordinary book. So yes. I can do it sometimes but sometimes not. I want to know the time period(time duration) in which whole gita is described by shree krishna to arjun. This means that Arjuna has direct audience with God. James Which life will be get? . Performance of yajna is a preparatory step towards realization.Realization will happen when we gain the eternal knowledge, that we are not the doer or I, but part of the infinite.Shri Krishna says that we should begin by approaching a teacher who has two key qualities: And we ourselves should have a thirst for knowledge & be willing to learn with humility.The whole point is that we should realise that we are in tune with all in nature & see the divine in all living matter.Shri Krishna gives a wonderful analogy:We can cross over the river of all our sins with the boat of knowledge, meaning, this knowledge has the power of destroying all our sins completely.The teacher is no doubt needed to guide us in the right direction, but it is our own effort, focus and motivation that will help us get the knowledge.True knowledge always comes from within us, & will come when we are ready.Shri Krishna, points out that in addition to the focus & sense control, we need faith, or shraddha. The battle is just egoic consciousness resolving itself into emptiness. Yes. He can control nature, prakriti, which is made up of the 3 gunaas, through a power called maya. Should investors in Icici Value Fund Series 19 roll over to Value Discovery Fund? So there is no need to worry about formal initiation. Krishna and Arjuna were on the chariot in the middle of the two armies and the conversation was going on there. It was not enough that this person was wise.Shri Krishna also needed a capable evangelist, one who had a mix of sattva and rajas, in order to both understand and spread this knowledge. HARE KRISHNA This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. At the start of the Dharma Yudha (righteous war) between Pandavas and Kauravas, Arjuna is filled with great moral dilemma and despair about the violence and death the war will cause in the battle against his own kin. Please my Lord take the form of an ordinary child. So in this way Lord Krishna took the form of a baby. It is something like television. The Gita is not a long conversation. Lord Krishna Reminds Arjuna Of His Duty As A Warrior If you will not fight this righteous war, then you will fail in your duty, lose your reputation, and incur sin. I am still very much on the path of learning how to control my mind. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Krishna and Arjuna in The Bhagavad Gita have an important connection. So intelligent people worship Krishna, not the demigods. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. At one point when Bhima says just before Krishna is going to go as shanti duta. Hare Krsna, Justify it. Thank-you for giving your time to read my inquiry(although feel in my head in one sense that you giving me time is not such a big deal as to thank you, but i should still be grateful and thank you. please enlighten me the ways of CHANTING THE MAHAMANTRA: HARE KRISHAN HARE KRISHAN KRISHAN KRISHAN HARE HARE, HARE RAM HARE RAM RAM RAM HARE HARE. Most fallen soul Which is a uniquely modern human Homo sapiens trait? The Gita is a dialogue between the warrior-prince Arjuna and the god Krishna who is serving as his charioteer at the Battle of Kurukshetra fought between Arjunas family and allies (the Pandavas) and those of the prince Duryodhana and his family (the Kauravas) and their allies. To the honored, dishonor is worse than death. Krishna replies that, though Arjuna is speaking from the heart, he is also speaking from ignorance. This was a righteous war, he told Arjun, a Dharma war. What is one reason Krishna urges Arjuna to fight? The Bhagavad Gita depicts Arjuna and Krishna as a conversation between a man and a god . . how to stop cupids attack in krishna consciousness? Sometimes it is good to get back to basics on the philosophy of Bhagavad Gita. Only the material body is killed, the soul can not be killed. Madhudvisa dasa My first contact with a Hare Krishna was a most merciful Mataji in Oxford Street, London who sold me a "Higher Taste" cook book in 1984 while I was on holidays there. It was really interesting to read about the history of Gita. How true that is Madhudvisa dasaI am thankful each and everyday I am a devotee of Krishna! This takes a lot of effort. The exact number of verses in Bg is mentioned in your article above to be 711. I know that if I am very seriously and very properly engaged in devotional service then my mind is easily and automatically controlled. You can chant Hare Krishna in any situation, with or without mala. Apart from that the bonding between Arjun and Krishna, goes a long way back too. Hare krishna prabhu, Krishna wanted Arjuna to fight the Mahabharata war because Krishna as an Instructor is leading the human beings (Arjuna) on their path of practical spiritual realization and the process of realization demands that human beings fight with their inner tendencies, desires, and character traits, even those, which are very . Dear Madhudvisa Prabhu, He turns to his charioteer for guidance. We even tend to forget events associated with our own body with the passage of time, including simple things like where we left our keys in the morning. Krishna says: I instructed this imperishable science of yoga to the sun-god, Vivasvan, and Vivasvan instructed it to Manu, the father of mankind, and Manu in turn instructed it to Iksvaku. Prabhupadas Bhagavad-gita As It Is is in English Language. For example at the age of seven only he held up a great hill Govardhan and used it as an umbrella to protect his friends and family members, the inhabitants of Vrindavan. This dharma differs according to the class and caste into which a person is born. Arjuna then tells Krishna that he cannot fight, because he sees opposite him his grand uncle Bhishma and his Acharya Drona. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sure, if you have your own philosophy then you can write a book, but your own book. I am chanting 16 plus every day and feel blessed to have found Krishna Consciousness . The Bhagavad Gita, or the song of God, was revealed by Lord Shree Krishna to Arjun on the threshold of the epic war of Mahabharata. In this book, Krishna told Arjuna, "Do your duty without thinking about the outcome." Krishna has been Arjuna's friend and advisor throughout his life, but he can't fight this battle. It is mentioned in Bhagavat Geeta itself that, 'Bhagavat Geeta' was first revealed/told to the Sun god by The Lord Sri Krishna himself and The Sun god told it to the Manu and then Manu told it to Iksvaku, but the line/chain was discontinued, and again Sri Krishna told it to Arjuna when it was the right time to reveal the Bhagavat Geeta. There are a lot of demigods, be happy with that. Prince Arjuna leads the Pandavas' army. In other words, he asks the students of the Gita to put the teaching of the fourth chapter into practice, and to act in this world. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Manu gave to Ikshvaaku, the fist king in the solar dynasty or Soorya vansh. Rather, the fruit of trayi- dharma, the religious duties of the three Vedas, is that one goes up to the mundane heaven and falls again to the mortal earth. At that time all the family members will be sleeping for sure and you will have no problems chanting in the early morning hours like this. Shri Krishnaopens the 4th chapter by giving the ultimate knowledge of Shrimad Bhagvat Geeta. Leading the army is Arjunas dharmahis duty and destiny. Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare. Treat everyone with the same lens of impartiality. Yes. Krishna is God. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Your letters have broadened my mind and I am really looking forward to reading it again. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. On the other hand, if Arjuna refuses to fight, hed be going against his dharma.
Obc Kitchen Dress Code,
Ron Gaddis Biography,
Articles W