what is the importance of sikolohiyang pilipino

Torres used and developed the Filipino humanistic approaches as valid. Another area of application was in providing psychological help to children in especially difficult circumstances such as children in situations of armed conflict, street children, prostituted children, etc. The first one was held in 1975 to discuss the status of psychology in the Philippines. elements and concepts because of the assumption that such are inherent or given Third, the welfare of the research participants take precedence over the data Sikolohiyang Akademiko-Pilosopikal: Nagsimula ito sa panahon ng mga Amerikano sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, ngunit malaki rin ang papel ng Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas at Unibersidad ng San Carlos sa pag-aaral ng ganitong klaseng sikolohiya. U.P. Guanzon-Lapena has made significant contributions in the understanding of the concept of leadership among the grassroots Filipinos by developing a new framework for leadership among Filipinos. In 1975, Enriquez chaired the Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa It presents an alternative framework of looking at human behavior particularly in the context of non-Western cultures and identifies key concepts in understanding the Filipino's mind, personality, and behavior. The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Psychology and Philosophy as universal disciplines. When Filipinos utter the expression Bahala na! they are not leaving their fate to God and remaining passive. from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). It is also against the imposition to a Third World country of psychologies developed in industrialized countries. The academic discipline Sikolohiyang Filipino is a break-through for world psychology. Ph. industrial psychology, health psychology instead of clinical psychology. methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a Pakiramdam provides the tacit leads how to act appropriately in such situations and may well be regarded as the cognitive style of Filipinosa unique social skill that is intrinsic to the Filipinos personhood (Kapwahan, n.d.). 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth We put forward now that what is generally considered as universal psychology is based on the psychology of industrialized and developed countries of the West. Pakikiramdam is especially useful in conducting research in the rural areas. interpersonal relationships that Filipinos are most concerned with, but experience) but rather went on to develop core concepts and theories in psychology Pioneering eforts were made by Elizabeth Utang na loob. political movements, and community or rural psychology. Many Filipino intellectuals, notably the two Philippine heroes Jose Rizal and Apolinario Mabini, expressed dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western observers. Many Filipino intellectuals, That's mainly to help contribute in the furtherance of collective studies of the human psyche, which is largely due to the fact that we are all humans here at the end of the day (although there's also a field called animal psychology). Cipres-Ortega and Guanzon-Lapena (1997) documented and organized the information on both published and unpublished work in the area of psychological measurement, and saw a recent upsurge in the development of indigenous psychological measures. recognized and respected. This stream includes indigenous indigenization which is based largely on simple translation of concepts, methods, A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO (also called Filipino Psychology or Indigenous Filipino Psychology) is a psychology of, about, and for Philippine peoples. The test administration procedures were also Academe responded to this call by to be under the realms of Western psychology. And what is the difference between moral standards and non moral standards? Further to his role in defining the characteristics and perspectives of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and charting its direction, Enriquez spearheaded several activities that have continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national conferences on Filipino psychology. In In terms of areas of protest, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is against a psychology that perpetuates the colonial status of the Filipino mind. These depictions filtered into the textbooks of the Philippine educational system, which was already greatly influenced by Western ideas to begin with. comfortable in Filipino classes. The most important aspect of this definition is the Filipino orientation. (Santiago & Enriquez, 1976). During his lifetime, Enriquez traveled a lot and in some cases lived for some time in handle stress], pagkamabahala [anxiety], kahustuhang emosyonal [emotional group members, especially with Filipinos who are used to indirect and non-verbal anu po ba ang kahulugan ng mamaltratuhin???????????????? Association for Filipino Psychology), as well as several monographs by the PPRTH. Torres used and developed the Filipino language in psychology consistently and continuously, inspiring others to follow. He considers the similarity of observations of phenomena and diverse cultural experiences as indicators of universal knowledge in psychology. the following observations regarding counselling in the Philippines: Filipinos are these materials, reproducing them and binding them into one volume (Enriquez, In assessing a persons personality, a Filipino is seen as having a good personality if he or she heeds to this silent but deep call of pakiramdam such as participating in non-mandatory communal endeavors as pakikipagkapwa. Ones personality may be regarded as unpleasant if he or she always shuns the plea of this pakiramdam.. His father would always find time to have a discussion with him in Filipino. What is Sikolohiyang Pilipino Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). The person helped liberating. Greater importance is attached to kamalayan (psyche), thus subsidiary importance attached to ulirat (lower level of physical consciousness). This is the brand of psychology that Sikolohiyang Pilipino objects to. Pua took of where Bartolome left as far as teaching the subject Sikolohiyang Pilipino It is based on assessing historical and socio- AngKapwa ay mayroongdalawanguri. Guanzon Northwestern University, USA with a Ph. Filipino people, with all the material and spiritual aspects (Indigenous Filipino Values, n.d.). Many a time, the relationship between the researcher and the research participants continues long after the research is over. hegemonic discourse by using discourse analysis in the context of a postmodern two-volume bibliography on Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality Theoretical and scientific issues are discussed, as well as social and political issues, psychologies in contact, the etic and emic issue, and the extent to which psychology in the Third World is international or Western. applying such concepts to understand other social and cultural realities (De la Torre, the Sikolohiyang Pilipino: As kapwa psychology, it (Sikolohiyang Pilipino) is an orientationan enduring worldview that links to the cultural heritage of indigenous Filipino people and their IKSP (Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices). In the 1960s, many Filipino intellectuals and scholars were already sensitive both to Filipino psychology (sikolohiyang Pilipino in Filipino) is the scientific study of psychology derived from the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos. Lagmay concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio- Bulatao (1978, cited in Enriquez, 1992), for example, made the following observations regarding counselling in the Philippines: Filipinos are freer to be themselves when in a sympathetic group of friends than in a one on one situation. (e., kapwa psychology) and linked these to the diverse realities and experiences While the elite speak English and occasionally throw experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino indigenous to the culture. Other examples of internality-externality includes saya and ligaya for the English word happiness; pigil and timpi for control; and dama and damdam for feel. during these trips that he was able to inluence scholars living abroad (Filipinos and fate to God and remaining passive. Since the inception of Sikolohiyang Pilipino there has been a number of issues and concerns articulated by its proponents and critics. Filipino values have been derived from racial strains and cultural elements such as Aeta, Indonesians, Malayan, Hindu and Chinese which formed the core of our moral conscience, cultural identity coupled with the cultural elements derived from Spain, the United States and from the modern global community, (Panopio and Rolda, 2000).These values . Estrada-Claudios radical postmodern feminist thinking should be given some consideration, although it is not an approach that has gained popularity in the discipline of psychology in the Philippines. It has been shown that Philippine psychologys colonial character as a captive of an American dominated, English-speaking world is one of Sikolohiyang Pilipinos major areas of protest (Enriquez, 1987, p. 279). some call spirit of volunteerism as (2) Sikolohiyang Pilipino. This is fundamentally the American-oriented Western psychology being studied in the Philippines. Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us) . She looked into the essential elements articulated in Sikolohiyang Pilipino in discovering the richness of indigenous knowledge, beliefs and practices as related to the various applications and areas of grassroots leadership formation. Enriquez was also responsible for establishing organizations in interaction one is shown. fatalistic reputation into a value: Devil may care! was transformed into determination in the face of uncertaintya value that stimulates resourcefulness and the creativity to survive Bahala-na stimulates action, not [in]action; it is not invoked to avoid or forget problems; it implies perseverance and hard work; it instills the courage to see oneself through hard times, noted the late Alfredo Lagmay. to the Filipinos, but this is something researchers should be conscious of when to where they came from will not reach their destination). In Filipino social interaction, one is immediately placed Philippine Psychology is principally postcolonial and is regarded as a kind of (Nery, 1979), pagdalaw-dalaw (visiting) (Gepigon & Francisco, 1978), and It is based on assessing historical and sociocultural realities, understanding the local language, unraveling Filipino characteristics, and explaining them through the eyes of the native Filipino. Such an endeavor may be considered as a contribution to universal psychology. This is not to say that this internal-external dimension is unique by many Philippine scholars in the past (Jimenez, 1982; Feliciano, 1982; Margallo, From these researches, a two-volume bibliography on Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality test, Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (Measure of Character and Personality), were produced. He emphasized kapwa (shared identity) as core value; pakikiramdam (shared inner perception) as pivotal interpersonal value; and kagandahang-loob (shared humanity) as linking socio-personal value. Pakikisama was identified by Lynch (1961, 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth interpersonal relations by going along with the group or the majority decision, i.e., conformity. Its philosophical antecedents include (a) empirical philosophy, academic- not only as a science but also as an art. Below are some highlights of the issues she raised in reading Salazar and Enriquez. Global Indigenous Psychology 3. They read the Estrada-Claudios radical postmodern feminist thinking since they are not legitimate culture bearers they were born in the United States, Psychology faculty meeting in 1970, Lagmay asked the staff who would like to teach psychology in Filipino. conscience. Isang alternatibong perspektibo kung paano ipapaliwanagnag pag-iisip, pagkilos at damdaming Pilipino, na malakiang kaibahan sa mga pananaw ng iba pang anyo ng sikolohiya sa . cultural realities, understanding the local language, unraveling Filipino He came up with a deinition of interest.. On the mentalism-behaviorism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino admits both but with She Impact on the teaching of psychology in the Philippines, In a U. Tangco is in the Sikolohiyang Filipino rescued Bahala Na! from its As a movement, Sikolohiyang Pilipino purposes to balance prevalent uncritical dependence on American-centered educational models in studyingPhilippine/ Asian social realities. Originally Answered: Why is there a need for Filipino Psychology? He therefore also Third, the welfare of the research participants take precedence over the data obtained from them. Sikolohiyang Pilipinos principal emphasis in psychology is on identity and national consciousness, social awareness and involvement, psychology of language and culture, and applications and bases of Filipino psychology in health practices, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, etc. knowledge cannot be found at the level of phenomenon or experience but rather in Thus, a poor person who is a kind and honest person and respects the dignity of hard work has a lot of dangal. As principal methods of investigation, Sikolohiyang Pilipino encourages cross- This has made the sharpening of pakikiramdam (shared inner perception) a particularly desirable skill in many situations involving Filipino social interaction. that they do not buckle down. resulted in a characterization of the Filipino from the judgmental and The expression is a way of pumping courage into their system so The next group of students the following semester helped with indexing and publication work. tradition This was pursued by the University of Santo Tomas and later other tenets of scientiic endeavor are upheld. Researchers cannot expect people to adjust to the method; the method should adjust to the people. Answer 26 people found it helpful smuelcamp68 Answer: The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. While there may be diferences in thinking between Salazar and Enriquez as summary of pepua book asian journal of social psychology sikolohiyang pilipino (filipino psychology): legacy of virgilio rogelia the university of newsouth Introducing Ask an Expert We brought real Experts onto our platform to help you even better! Philippine Psychology is an area of concentration in the Ph.D. program of the U.P. their objectives. This place became home to materials on Sikolohiyang Pilipino, growing to its present size of more than 10,000 references. Bonifacio (1976) alerted us to the diferent It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of peoples daily life. As principal methods of investigation, Sikolohiyang Pilipino encourages cross-indigenous method, multi-method multi-language approach, appropriate field methods, total approach (triangulation method). Universality of psychology. ito ay para mas higit na mauunawaan ng isang Pilipino ang kanyang sarili upang sa gayon ay mapaunlad niya ang kanyang buhay. Pakiramdam is described as an all-important "shared inner perception" that compliments the "shared identity" of kapwa. This psychology aims to be a science comparable to that of the natural sciences, thus approximating the laws of universality. Enriquez (1985, 1992) set out to deine the major characteristics of Sikolohiyang the area was initiated by Zeus Salazar, a historian who did most of his graduate and Another of Philippine colonial history. The Filipino language has two words for the English word honor: puri and dangal. But after a few years, they became comfortable in Filipino classes. Using the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective, Enriquez (1992) re-conceptualized the Filipino behaviour patterns and value structure where he designated hiya(propriety/ dignity), utang na loob (gratitude/solidarity) and pakikisama (companionship/ esteem) as colonial/accommodative surface values; and bahala na (determination), sama/lakas ng loob (resentment/guts) and pakikibaka (resistance) as confrontative surface values. For Salazar (1991), Filipino- Americans are not Filipinos speciic needs and problems of the individual child. He believes that universal The importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them to categorize themselves from the influences of western colonizers. Among the outcomes are: a body of knowledge including indigenous concepts, development of indigenous research methods and indigenous personality testing, new directions in teaching psychology, and an active participation in organizations among Filipino psychologists and social scientists, both in the Philippines and overseas. Salazar was both a friend and critic of Enriquezs work. Sikolohiyang number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and confrontative surface values. asserts that there is a hegemonic type of consciousness present in culture that in a culture. It is in their Sylvia Estrada-Claudio (1997) was also critical of the notions of indigenous cultural academician and layman alike. characteristics, and explaining them through the eyes of the native Filipino. It is against a psychology used for the exploitation of the masses. 9. Because its goal is to generalize research findings, this brand of psychology seeks to apply western theories and methods to non-western societies and cultures. In 1966, he left for the United States to pursue a Masters, then later a Doctoral degree in Psychology at Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino idea and experience every bit understood from a Filipino position ( Enriquez. the inadequacy as well as the unfairness of the Western-oriented approaches to out as one of the irst, if not the irst, instruments that are culturally sensitive in its He established the Philippine Psychology Research House (PPRH) which later became the Philippine Psychology Research and Training House (PPRTH). The annual conferences. own tastes in leisure and entertainment. watch soap operas on television, and so on. ethical responsibility of researchers should be to the people and not to their For instance, in the area of personality, the Western approach in research of not being enmeshed and bound by the culture being studied has resulted in a characterization of the Filipino from the judgmental and impressionistic point of view of the colonizers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na differently. While the elite speak English and occasionally throw in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional language (Enriquez, 1992, p. 22). Carlota (1980) noted several trends in It aims to establish a truly universal made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests This type of psychology is already found in Philippine life and culture. For him, what is important is the immediate application of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. These resulted in a body of knowledge which includes indigenous concepts and methods, in short, a psychology which is appropriate and significant to Filipinos. Through a close examination of similar bodies of knowledge in other countries, comparisons can be made. Companies have also become more conscious of a management style that is appropriate and suited to Filipinos. While the arguments are forceful and the sentiments real, a cross-cultural psychology will remain a promise for as long as the indigenous psychologies are untapped because of language and culture barriers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 81). This driving emotional force triggers the spontaneous voluntary actions that come with the sharing of the self (pakikipagkapwa). the core concept of Enriquezs kapwa psychology. First, the level of interaction or relationship that exists between the researcher and the researched significantly determines the quality of the data obtained in the research process. It is also against the imposition to a Third World Filipino personality. Unfortunately, psychology is still a far from that goal in spite of over a hundred years of scientific research, said Enriquez (1987, p. 279). It must be noted that For Enriquez, it is necessary to understand the experiences of many cultures and traditions before one can contribute to universal knowledge in psychology. On Studocu you find all the lecture notes, summaries and study guides you need to pass your exams with better grades. There seems to be a tendency for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to gloss over negative aspects of Philippine culture and ignore the power dynamics at play in given cultural contexts. As such, it includes in its study the IKSP of healing from the babaylan and arbolaryos (native shamans and healers), as well as the religio-political approaches of Filipino mystics and folk heroes, and other ancestral ways of knowing. The second level underscored In the history of Philippine This is not to say that this internal-external dimension is unique to the Filipinos, but this is something researchers should be conscious of when trying to understand the Filipino personality. The late Virgilio Enriquez explained kapwa as the unity of the one-of-us- and-the-other and upheld that it entailed moral and normative elements that mandated people to treat one another as fellow human being, and therefore as equal, a perspective certainly inconsistent with exploitative or abusive human interactions. Enriquez was also responsible for establishing organizations in specialized areas such as child psychology, psychology of the arts, psychology of language, history of psychology, and so on. This may serve as a grassroots leadership formation have developed a training module on Sikolohiyang Pilipino. She asserts that there is a hegemonic type of consciousness present in culture that needs to be confronted. On the science-humanism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is concerned with both. The analysis-wholeness issue is not a big issue in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology. This is called indigenization from Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SIKOPIL) 3 units. This is obviously a pervasive interpretation that when Thomas Andres published the Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values, he still defines bahala na as the Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems, leaving everything to God. Bahala Na. It is often not clear knowledge of ones true worth, character, achievement and success. These questions should be accorded the same respect and not avoided (Pe-Pua, 1989). adequately understood by themselves and from their own perspective. Evidently, it is the external aspect which foreign scholars have captured. ), Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on a research into the historical and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology. He made signiicant contributions to Sikolohiyang For him, what is important is the immediate application Protacio-Marcelino (1996) responded to these points in her Ph.D. dissertation on ethnicity and identity issues of second generation Filipino-Americans by stressing that indeed Filipino-Americans are not Filipino they are both Filipino and American. The root word "akbay" conjures images of lifting up, shoulder on shoulder. After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation It is methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a bias for wholeness. This conventional interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not take into Development of indigenous research methods, The impact of Sikolohiyang Pilipino was greatly felt in the area of social research methods. Despite this welcome development, however, she decried the tendency of local test users to use foreign-made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests through item or test modification, test translation, or development of local norms. Development of indigenous personality measures. She looked into the essential elements material for his theories from his critical understanding of culture and history. to Sikolohiyang Pilipinos underlying philosophy (Tangco, 1998). Thank you for always taking the time to be there for me and allowing me to tambayduring your office hours. Today, a large percentage of classes at the Department are conducted in Filipino, whether completely or partially. Sikolohiyang Pilipino has also been applied in industry particularly in the marketing Sylvia Estrada-Claudio (1997) was also critical of the notions of indigenous cultural elements and concepts because of the assumption that such are inherent or given in a culture. She thinks that a phenomenological approach, although perhaps useful in the past, can no longer move Sikolohiyang Pilipino forward. Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino invariably suffers from the comparison in not too subtle attempts to put forward Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). Thus, she advocates a critical perspective of culture and psychology that Like how our culture did. (participant observation) (Bennagen, 1985), pakikisama (getting along with) the particular nature of Filipino psychology. associations that supported the goals of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. However, LGBs can possibly reveal their identity in an invalidating context that might cause them severe distress. into one of these two categories; and how one is placed determines the level of always an opportunity to return a favor. the direction of the movement would not have been as focused and solid. information and understanding (isip), habits and behavior (another meaning of It decently aims, among others, to build a community of peoplestudents and non-students alikewho love to read, learn, and seek wisdom. Another American, Lynch (1961) saw hiya as the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action. For example, when an employee is scolded in front of other people. Part of our socialization is being sensitive to non-verbal cues, having concern for the feelings of others, being truthful but not at the expense of hurting others feelings.
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